Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-51006

Memory Safety in Broadcom Tcpreplay 4.5.1

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
22 September 2025
Modified
14 October 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0017 7th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-51006 is a high-severity Double Free (CWE-415) vulnerability in Broadcom Tcpreplay. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SC-39 (Process Isolation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Within tcpreplay's tcprewrite, a double free vulnerability has been identified in the dlt_linuxsll2_cleanup() function in plugins/dlt_linuxsll2/linuxsll2.c. This vulnerability is triggered when tcpedit_dlt_cleanup() indirectly invokes the cleanup routine multiple times on the same memory region. By supplying a specifically crafted pcap…

more

file to the tcprewrite binary, a local attacker can exploit this flaw to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via memory corruption.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Double free vulnerability in tcprewrite allows local DoS via memory corruption when processing crafted pcap files, enabling endpoint denial of service through application exploitation.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-9384Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2025-51005Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2025-9649Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2023-27783Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2023-27788Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2023-27787Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2025-9019Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2024-3024Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2025-9386Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2023-27789Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay

Affected Assets

broadcom
tcpreplay
4.5.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-16 Memory Protection
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SC-39 Process Isolation
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 1 hardening rule · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly implements memory protections that block double-free corruption in dlt_linuxsll2_cleanup() before it can cause DoS.

prevent

Requires validation of untrusted pcap input to tcprewrite, preventing the malformed file from reaching the vulnerable cleanup path.

prevent

Isolates the tcprewrite process so memory corruption from the double-free cannot affect other system components or escalate the DoS.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 full match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly prevent double-free errors via static analysis, safe memory APIs, and testing.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development can detect double-free conditions before release.

prevents

Secure development life cycle includes memory-safety practices that can prevent double-free bugs.

prevents

Application security requirements can mandate memory-safety rules that reduce double-free risk.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles can prescribe safe memory-management patterns.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly address proper use of free() and similar functions.

References