CVE-2025-52581
Memory Safety in Libbiosig Project Libbiosig 3.9.0
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-52581 is a critical-severity Integer Overflow or Wraparound (CWE-190) vulnerability in Libbiosig Project Libbiosig. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 49th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-8 (Security and Privacy Engineering Principles) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
An integer overflow vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-52581 and associated with CWE-190, affects the GDF parsing functionality in The Biosig Project's libbiosig version 3.9.0 and the Master Branch at commit 35a819fa. Published on 2025-08-25, this flaw allows a specially crafted GDF file to trigger the overflow, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8, indicating critical severity due to its network accessibility, low attack complexity, and lack of prerequisites.
Any remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability without authentication, privileges, or user interaction by providing a malicious GDF file to an application or system that processes files using the affected libbiosig component. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution, granting high-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the targeted system.
Mitigation details and additional technical analysis are available in the Talos Intelligence advisory at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2233.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-25668
Vulnerability Data
An integer overflow vulnerability exists in the GDF parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted GDF file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger…
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this vulnerability.
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MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
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Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V5.2.6
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and evaluation (static analysis, fuzzing, unit tests) directly finds integer overflow defects before deployment.
Secure engineering principles require use of safe arithmetic constructs or language features that structurally eliminate integer overflow during calculation.
Input validation enforces bounds on values before arithmetic, stopping the conditions that trigger overflow or wraparound.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices directly require use of safe arithmetic, bounds checks, and testing that prevent integer overflows.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing in development can detect integer overflows before release.
Secure SDLC mandates input validation and arithmetic checks that prevent integer overflows.
Application security requirements include bounds checking and safe arithmetic to avoid overflow conditions.
Secure architecture principles require defensive coding patterns that mitigate integer wraparound risks.
Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe integer operations and mandate overflow-safe constructs.