CVE-2025-52581
Published: 25 August 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-52581 is a critical-severity Integer Overflow or Wraparound (CWE-190) vulnerability in Libbiosig Project Libbiosig. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 47.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly remediates the integer overflow vulnerability in libbiosig GDF parsing by applying patches or updates to affected versions.
Implements memory protections such as ASLR, stack canaries, and DEP to mitigate arbitrary code execution from integer overflows in file parsing.
Validates GDF file inputs for structure, size, and content to block specially crafted files that trigger the integer overflow.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Integer overflow in file parser directly enables remote RCE via crafted input file, mapping to public-facing exploit or client-side execution techniques.
NVD Description
An integer overflow vulnerability exists in the GDF parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted GDF file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger…
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this vulnerability.
Deeper analysisAI
An integer overflow vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-52581 and associated with CWE-190, affects the GDF parsing functionality in The Biosig Project's libbiosig version 3.9.0 and the Master Branch at commit 35a819fa. Published on 2025-08-25, this flaw allows a specially crafted GDF file to trigger the overflow, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8, indicating critical severity due to its network accessibility, low attack complexity, and lack of prerequisites.
Any remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability without authentication, privileges, or user interaction by providing a malicious GDF file to an application or system that processes files using the affected libbiosig component. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution, granting high-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the targeted system.
Mitigation details and additional technical analysis are available in the Talos Intelligence advisory at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2233.
Details
- CWE(s)