CVE-2025-54461

Published

16 October 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

CVSS Score v4 6.9

Click a component to see what it means

Raw vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

EPSS Score 0.0030 23th percentile

Risk Priority 40 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-54461 is a medium-severity Insufficient Granularity of Access Control (CWE-1220) vulnerability in Jvn (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 6.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Services File Permissions Weakness (T1574.010); ranked at the 23th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-24 (Access Control Decisions) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-34738

Vulnerability Data

ChatLuck contains an insufficient granularity of access control vulnerability in Invitation of Guest Users. If exploited, an uninvited guest user may register itself as a guest user.

CWE(s): CWE-1220

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1574.010 Services File Permissions Weakness Stealth

Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services.

attack.mitre.org →

T1078 Valid Accounts Stealth

Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.

attack.mitre.org →

T1548 Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control privilege elevation to gain higher-level permissions.

attack.mitre.org →

T1556 Modify Authentication Process Defense Impairment

Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts.

attack.mitre.org →

Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-35436Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2026-6388Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2023-31342Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2025-48517Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2024-21947Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2026-33825Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2023-32259Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2023-43040Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2024-11931Shared CWE-1220

CVE-2025-1278Shared CWE-1220

Affected Assets

Jvn

—

inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent

Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect

Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden

Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

4 hardening rules · 4 OS baselines

Validate

Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

V16.4.2
V8.4.2
V11.7.1
V13.2.4

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-6 Least Privilege good match

Least privilege explicitly demands that only the minimum necessary accesses are granted, eliminating the broad permissions that define this weakness.

AC-24 Access Control Decisions good match

AC-24 requires access decisions to be applied precisely and unambiguously to every request, structurally blocking insufficiently granular policies.

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match

AC-3 requires enforcement of authorizations according to policy, directly compelling sufficiently granular rules so broad allowances cannot be introduced.

AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement partial match

AC-4 enforces approved information flows with explicit source/destination rules, preventing overly coarse access policies from being deployed.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.IR-01 mostly match

prevents

PR.IR-01's segmentation + zero-trust rules directly enforce minimum-necessary access at network boundaries, removing most instances of overly broad policy; CWE-1220 can still exist in application-layer or intra-segment controls that this single outcome does not address.

PR.PS-06 partial match

prevents

PR.PS-06's general SDLC practices can surface granularity issues during design/review (partial prevention) but do not specifically target access-control policy breadth, so they remove only part of CWE-1220's risk.

DE.AE-06 none match

degrades

CWE-1220 permits unauthorized access to sensitive assets but neither prevents nor impairs the delivery of adverse-event information to authorized recipients.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.3 Information access restriction mostly match

degrades

Directly requires information-access restriction at the level of individual assets and operations, addressing the granularity gap.

A.5.15 Access control partial match

prevents

Establishes the overarching access-control policy whose granularity directly determines whether the weakness exists.

A.5.18 Access rights partial match

prevents

Defines the assignment and review of access rights; insufficient granularity in those rights is the root of CWE-1220.

A.8.2 Privileged access rights partial match

prevents

Specifies management of privileged access rights, where overly broad privileges are a common manifestation of the weakness.

A.8.18 Use of privileged utility programs none match

none

Limits use of privileged utilities; overly coarse access rules can still allow unauthorized utility access.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Windows Server 2016 (1 rule)

V-225025 Local accounts with blank passwords must be restricted to prevent access from the network. prevents CWE-1220

Windows Server 2022 (1 rule)

V-254446 Windows Server 2022 must prevent local accounts with blank passwords from being used from the network. prevents CWE-1220