Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-55730

Published
09 September 2025
Modified
15 April 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 10.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0073 51th percentile
Risk Priority 76 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-55730 is a critical-severity Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (CWE-116) vulnerability in Xwiki (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Content Injection (T1659); ranked in the top 49% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

XWiki Remote Macros, a set of rendering macros intended for Confluence-to-XWiki migrations, contains an improper input sanitization flaw in the Confluence paste code macro. The vulnerability, present from version 1.0 through 1.26.4, stems from the title parameter (specifically the classes value) being interpolated directly into XWiki syntax without escaping, enabling syntax injection that leads to remote code execution.

Any authenticated user with permission to edit a page can trigger the flaw by supplying a malicious title value in the macro, resulting in arbitrary code execution on the server with the privileges of the XWiki process. The issue carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 10.0, reflecting network-accessible, low-complexity exploitation that affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability across the entire instance.

The project security advisory GHSA-5w8v-h22g-j2mp and the linked commit document the fix released in version 1.26.5, which adds proper escaping to the affected parameter. The associated Jira ticket XWIKI-20449 tracks the remediation.

EPSS remains flat at a low value of 0.0117 with no observed increase after disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

XWiki Remote Macros provides XWiki rendering macros that are useful when migrating content from Confluence. Starting in version 1.0 and prior to version 1.26.5, missing escaping of the title in the confluence paste code macro allows remote code execution for…

more

any user who can edit any page. The classes parameter is used without escaping in XWiki syntax, thus allowing XWiki syntax injection which enables remote code execution. Version 1.26.5 has a fix for the issue.

CWE(s)
CWE-116

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1659 Content Injection Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-45539Shared CWE-116
CVE-2026-20136Shared CWE-116
CVE-2025-9127Shared CWE-116
CVE-2026-34483Shared CWE-116
CVE-2023-35941Shared CWE-116
CVE-2025-59936Shared CWE-116
CVE-2025-46583Shared CWE-116
CVE-2024-42332Shared CWE-116
CVE-2023-3668Shared CWE-116
CVE-2026-52846Shared CWE-116

Affected Assets

Xwiki
—
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.1.2
  • V1.2.1
  • V1.2.3

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SI-15 Information Output Filtering
addresses: CWE-116

Validating that output matches expected content directly mitigates failures to properly encode or escape data for its destination context.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require proper output encoding to prevent injection and message malformation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly require correct output encoding and escaping to preserve message structure.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing can detect missing or incorrect encoding but does not itself implement the control.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates output encoding/escaping practices that directly prevent improper encoding.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements include explicit rules for safe output handling and encoding.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles reduce the likelihood of missing encoding but do not prescribe the actual technique.

References