Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-56088

RCE in Ruijie Rg-Bcr860 Firmware

Published
11 December 2025
Modified
26 January 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.035 88th percentile
Risk Priority 69 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-56088 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Ruijie Rg-Bcr860 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 12% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-56088 is an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR860 device. The flaw exists in the action_service endpoint within the file /usr/lib/lua/luci/controller/admin/service.lua, where a crafted POST request enables attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands. Published on 2025-12-11, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), reflecting high severity due to its potential for significant impact.

The vulnerability can be exploited by attackers who possess low privileges, such as authenticated users with minimal administrative access, over the network without requiring user interaction. By sending a specially crafted POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, they can inject and execute arbitrary OS commands on the device, achieving high levels of confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, which could result in full system compromise, data theft, or persistent access.

Detailed advisories, vulnerability reports, and potential mitigation steps, including patches, are documented in the following references: https://1drv.ms/f/c/12406a392c92914b/EqEQemupso9DldgG-EcUI8IBLpEWP_S-f6vpeUtYztYYCg?e=gX4A10, https://1drv.ms/t/c/12406a392c92914b/EQ5pK82-KmxKht6YgsEzaOsBzrC05Cael1vwpfM9ZxX97Q?e=qEgmtB, and https://github.com/flegoity/Ruijie-Multiple-Devices-Vulnerability-Reports-for-CVE/blob/main/CVE-2025-56088.md.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR860 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request to the action_service in file /usr/lib/lua/luci/controller/admin/service.lua.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-56129Same product: Ruijie Rg-Bcr860
CVE-2025-56110Same product: Ruijie Rg-Bcr860
CVE-2025-56111Same product: Ruijie Rg-Bcr860
CVE-2023-3450Same product: Ruijie Rg-Bcr860
CVE-2025-56109Same product: Ruijie Rg-Bcr860
CVE-2025-56082Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2024-4504Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2025-56124Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2024-4510Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2024-5338Same vendor: Ruijie

Affected Assets

ruijie
rg-bcr860 firmware
all versions

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References