CVE-2025-56089
Published: 11 December 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-56089 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Ruijie M18-Ew Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Unix Shell (T1059.004); ranked in the top 28.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-56089 is an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Ruijie M18 device running firmware version EW_3.0(1)B11P226_M18_10223116. The issue affects the module_set function in the file /usr/local/lua/dev_sta/nbr_cwmp.lua, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands by sending a crafted POST request. Published on 2025-12-11, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact.
Attackers with low privileges, such as authenticated users, can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. By crafting a malicious POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, they can inject and execute arbitrary OS commands, potentially achieving full control over the device, including data exfiltration, modification, or disruption of services.
Mitigation details and advisories are documented in the following references: https://1drv.ms/f/c/12406a392c92914b/EmXarTTNPwFHjk8lLwQIqj8Ba9nlq-owLMBtEKpBwMrn5A?e=vvi2dM, https://1drv.ms/t/c/12406a392c92914b/Ea56irtVj4dNs59Pzz7fkiIBQeVLjDcMDEXC2FpCQydIZQ?e=70gcOe, and https://github.com/flegoity/Ruijie-Multiple-Devices-Vulnerability-Reports-for-CVE/blob/main/CVE-2025-56089.md. Security practitioners should review these for patch availability or workarounds specific to Ruijie M18 deployments.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-202742
Vulnerability details
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie M18 EW_3.0(1)B11P226_M18_10223116 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request to the module_set in file /usr/local/lua/dev_sta/nbr_cwmp.lua.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The OS command injection vulnerability directly enables arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004) via crafted POST requests and represents exploitation of a remote service (T1210).
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
SI-10 directly prevents OS command injection by validating crafted POST request inputs to the module_set function in nbr_cwmp.lua against expected formats and content.
SI-2 remediates the specific flaw in the Ruijie M18 firmware by identifying, reporting, and correcting the command injection vulnerability via patching.
SI-9 restricts malicious inputs in POST requests to the vulnerable endpoint, blocking arbitrary OS command payloads before execution.