Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-56101

RCE in Ruijie M18-Ew Firmware 3.0\(1\)b11p226

Public PoCRCECommand Injection
Published
11 December 2025
Modified
27 January 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.028 85th percentile
Risk Priority 69 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-56101 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Ruijie M18-Ew Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 15% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-56101, published on 2025-12-11, is an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Ruijie M18 device running firmware version EW_3.0(1)B11P226_M18_10223116. The issue affects the module_get function in the file /usr/local/lua/dev_sta/networkConnect.lua, where attackers can execute arbitrary commands through a crafted POST request. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to network accessibility, low complexity, and significant impacts across confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Attackers with low privileges (PR:L), such as authenticated users, can exploit this over the network without requiring user interaction. By sending a specially crafted POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, they gain the ability to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device, potentially leading to full compromise including data theft, modification, or disruption of services.

Advisories and detailed reports on mitigation, patches, or workarounds are referenced in the following sources: https://1drv.ms/f/c/12406a392c92914b/EmXarTTNPwFHjk8lLwQIqj8Ba9nlq-owLMBtEKpBwMrn5A?e=vvi2dM, https://1drv.ms/t/c/12406a392c92914b/EbNlU_0K0v1Krzq7CaUWn0AB_yu3ICrdmwoVuS2txFGMhA?e=0gIUMh, and https://github.com/flegoity/Ruijie-Multiple-Devices-Vulnerability-Reports-for-CVE/blob/main/CVE-2025-56101.md.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie M18 EW_3.0(1)B11P226_M18_10223116 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request to the module_get in file /usr/local/lua/dev_sta/networkConnect.lua.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-56114Same product: Ruijie M18-Ew
CVE-2025-56089Same product: Ruijie M18-Ew
CVE-2025-56090Same product: Ruijie Rg-Ew1200R
CVE-2025-56082Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2024-4504Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2025-56124Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2024-4510Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2024-5338Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2024-5340Same vendor: Ruijie
CVE-2025-56129Same vendor: Ruijie

Affected Assets

ruijie
m18-ew firmware
3.0\(1\)b11p226
ruijie
rg-ew1200r firmware
ew_3.0\(1\)b11p301

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover missing or incorrect command sanitization during development.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly neutralizes or rejects special characters that would otherwise alter OS command structure.

AC-6 Least Privilege partial match

Least privilege reduces the permissions available to any process that could be subverted by injected commands.

CM-7 Least Functionality partial match

Least functionality restricts available OS commands and interpreters, limiting the blast radius of injection.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Secure engineering principles require proper neutralization of untrusted input before command construction.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References