CVE-2025-5869
Published: 09 June 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-5869 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Rt-Thread Rt-Thread. Its CVSS base score is 8.6 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 20.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
A vulnerability classified as critical was discovered in RT-Thread version 5.1.0. It resides in the sys_recvfrom function within the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c, where improper handling of the from argument results in memory corruption, corresponding to CWE-119. The issue carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.6, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
An attacker with low privileges on an adjacent network can supply a crafted argument to the affected function, triggering memory corruption that may allow arbitrary code execution or system compromise within the RT-Thread environment. The attack requires no user interaction and benefits from low attack complexity.
The associated EPSS score remains low and unchanged at 0.0117, indicating no material increase in observed exploitation interest following disclosure. No details on patches or workarounds are provided in the available references.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-17445
Vulnerability details
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in RT-Thread 5.1.0. Affected is the function sys_recvfrom of the file rt-thread/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c. The manipulation of the argument from leads to memory corruption.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The vulnerability in sys_recvfrom allows arbitrary kernel memory writes due to insufficient validation of the user-controlled 'from' pointer, enabling exploitation for privilege escalation.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Ongoing control assessments and code testing (static/dynamic analysis, fuzzing) surface memory buffer restriction failures, which are then remediated before release.
Managed runtimes used by platform-independent applications (e.g., JVM, CLR) enforce memory safety, preventing most buffer overflows that require direct memory manipulation.
Memory protections (e.g., W^X, ASLR) make exploitation of buffer-boundary violations far harder to turn into code execution.
Detects exploitation attempts that produce memory corruption, crashes, or anomalous behavior.