Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-5875

HighPublic PoC

Published: 09 June 2025

Published
09 June 2025
Modified
23 June 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 7.4 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0110 78.5th percentile
Risk Priority 15 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-5875 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Tp-Link Tl-Ipc544Ep-W4 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.4 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 21.5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis

A critical buffer overflow vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-5875 and assigned CWE-119 and CWE-120, affects the TP-Link TL-IPC544EP-W4 camera running firmware version 1.0.9 Build 240428 Rel 69493n. The flaw resides in the sub_69064 function within /bin/main, where unsanitized input supplied to the "text" argument can trigger an out-of-bounds write.

An authenticated remote attacker can send a crafted request over the network to overflow the buffer, leading to arbitrary code execution with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The CVSS 4.0 vector reflects network attack reachability, low complexity, and no required user interaction, and a functional exploit has already been made public.

The vendor was notified prior to disclosure but has not issued a response or patch. Public references, including a detailed technical write-up and VulDB entries, confirm the issue but provide no mitigation guidance beyond the general recommendation to restrict network access to the device until a firmware update becomes available. The associated EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0110 with no material increase since publication.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in TP-LINK Technologies TL-IPC544EP-W4 1.0.9 Build 240428 Rel 69493n. Affected is the function sub_69064 of the file /bin/main. The manipulation of the argument text leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to…

more

launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Why these techniques?

Remote buffer overflow in public-facing IP camera (/bin/main sub_69064 'text' parameter) enables exploitation of a public-facing application for initial access (CWE-120, public PoC available).

Affected Assets

tp-link
tl-ipc544ep-w4 firmware
1.0.9

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-119 CWE-120

Managed runtimes used by platform-independent applications (e.g., JVM, CLR) enforce memory safety, preventing most buffer overflows that require direct memory manipulation.

addresses: CWE-119

Ongoing control assessments and code testing (static/dynamic analysis, fuzzing) surface memory buffer restriction failures, which are then remediated before release.

addresses: CWE-119

Memory protections (e.g., W^X, ASLR) make exploitation of buffer-boundary violations far harder to turn into code execution.

addresses: CWE-119

Detects exploitation attempts that produce memory corruption, crashes, or anomalous behavior.

References