Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:LSummary
CVE-2025-59023 is a high-severity Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay (CWE-294) vulnerability in Powerdns Recursor. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Network Sniffing (T1040); ranked at the 19th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-23 (Session Authenticity) and SC-8 (Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-59023 affects PowerDNS Recursor, where crafted delegations or IP fragments can poison cached delegations. Published on 2026-02-09, this vulnerability is rated 8.2 on the CVSS 3.1 scale (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L) and is associated with CWE-294.
Remote attackers require no privileges or user interaction and can exploit it over the network with low complexity. Successful exploitation poisons the cached delegations, resulting in high integrity impact by potentially directing DNS queries to attacker-controlled servers, alongside low availability impact.
The PowerDNS security advisory (https://docs.powerdns.com/recursor/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-2025-06.html) provides further details on mitigation and patches.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-207361
Vulnerability Data
Crafted delegations or IP fragments can poison cached delegations in Recursor.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
—
—
—
V10.4.16V10.5.1
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Session authenticity mechanisms directly stop replay of captured authentication traffic by enforcing freshness or cryptographic binding.
Transmission integrity (with anti-replay) stops captured messages from being accepted as valid later.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Protecting and verifying identity assertions prevents replay of captured authentication material.
Encryption and integrity protections for data-in-transit directly block capture-replay of credentials or tokens.
Network monitoring may detect anomalous replays after the fact but does not prevent the design flaw.
Strong authentication methods can reduce replay risk but do not inherently address captured messages.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Cryptographic protections (e.g., nonces, timestamps, message authentication codes) make captured authentication messages unusable for replay.
Secure authentication mechanisms directly prevent replay attacks by requiring fresh, non-replayable credentials or tokens.
Network security controls such as encryption and integrity protection reduce the feasibility of capturing and replaying authentication traffic.
Application security requirements can mandate replay-resistant authentication designs, but the control itself does not prescribe the technical measures.