Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-6015

Hashicorp Vault 1.10.0 – 1.16.23

Published
01 August 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 5.7
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0029 21th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-6015 is a medium-severity Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (CWE-307) vulnerability in Hashicorp Vault. Its CVSS base score is 5.7 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Brute Force (T1110); ranked at the 21th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-7 (Unsuccessful Logon Attempts) and IA-5 (Authenticator Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A07:2025 Authentication Failures

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Vault and Vault Enterprise’s (“Vault”) login MFA rate limits could be bypassed and TOTP tokens could be reused. Fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.20.1 and Vault Enterprise 1.20.1, 1.19.7, 1.18.12, and 1.16.23.

CWE(s)
CWE-307

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1110 Brute Force Credential Access
Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.001 Password Guessing Credential Access
Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.003 Password Spraying Credential Access
Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1110.004 Credential Stuffing Credential Access
Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Bypassing MFA rate limits and enabling TOTP reuse directly facilitates brute force, password guessing, spraying, and credential stuffing against authentication mechanisms.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-6004Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2023-25000Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2023-3462Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2023-24999Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2026-4525Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2024-6468Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2025-6000Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2024-5798Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2025-6037Same product: Hashicorp Vault
CVE-2025-12044Same product: Hashicorp Vault

Affected Assets

hashicorp
vault
1.20.0 · 1.10.0 — 1.16.23 · 1.10.0 — 1.20.1 · 1.17.0 — 1.18.12

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • AC-7 Unsuccessful Logon Attempts
  • IA-5 Authenticator Management
  • AC-3 Access Enforcement
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

—

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-7 Unsuccessful Logon Attempts good match
prevent

Directly enforces limits on consecutive failed authentication attempts, blocking the MFA rate-limit bypass described in the CVE.

IA-5 Authenticator Management good match
prevent

Requires proper management and invalidation of authenticators, preventing reuse of TOTP tokens after initial use.

AC-3 Access Enforcement partial match
prevent

Enforces access decisions only after successful, non-reusable MFA, mitigating exploitation of the bypassed rate limits.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-03 mostly match
prevents

Authentication enforcement directly includes lockout, throttling, and MFA policies that prevent brute-force attempts.

DE.CM-03 partial match
prevents

Behavioral monitoring of authentication activity can detect excessive failed attempts after they occur.

PR.PS-04 partial match
prevents

Generating auth logs enables later detection or forensics but does not itself restrict attempts.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.5 Secure authentication partial match
prevents

CAPTCHA, account lock-out after repeated failures, and alerts on excessive attempts directly stop automated brute-force guessing of credentials.

References