Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-62396

Info Disclosure in Moodle 4.5.0 – 4.5.7

Published
23 October 2025
Modified
14 November 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 5.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0028 20th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-62396 is a medium-severity Exposure of Information Through Directory Listing (CWE-548) vulnerability in Moodle Moodle. Its CVSS base score is 5.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique File and Directory Discovery (T1083); ranked at the 20th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to CM-6 (Configuration Settings) and SI-11 (Error Handling) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An error-handling issue in the Moodle router (r.php) could cause the application to display internal directory listings when specific HTTP headers were not properly configured.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1083 File and Directory Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system.
Why these techniques?

The vulnerability in Moodle's router (r.php) enables unauthorized exposure of internal directory listings due to improper error handling when specific HTTP headers (e.g., Accept: text/html) are missing, directly facilitating File and Directory Discovery (T1083).

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-62397Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2024-43433Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-3628Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-67852Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2024-43438Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2024-34005Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-67855Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2024-43426Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2024-43428Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2024-43425Same product: Moodle Moodle

Affected Assets

moodle
moodle
4.5.0 — 4.5.7 · 5.0.0 — 5.0.3

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • CM-6 Configuration Settings
  • SI-11 Error Handling
  • AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires configuring web server/router settings (including HTTP headers and directory listing behavior) to prevent exposure of internal paths.

prevent

Requires proper error handling in components such as r.php so that failures do not leak directory listings or internal structure.

prevent

Enforces information flow rules that can block unauthorized disclosure of directory contents via misconfigured headers or error paths.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-01 mostly match
prevents

Hardened baselines and config management directly disable directory listing by default.

ID.AM-08 partial match
prevents

Lifecycle management includes applying secure configurations that would prevent directory exposure.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning can discover exposed directories so they can be remediated.

PR.AA-05 partial match
prevents

Least-privilege access rules can restrict who sees directory contents but do not address the listing feature itself.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Information access restriction directly prevents directory listings by enforcing need-to-know access controls on web resources.

detects

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and require remediation of exposed directory listings.

degrades

Network security measures such as disabling directory indexing on web servers reduce exposure of directory contents.

prevents

Secure development life cycle includes configuration hardening that disables directory listing in production web servers.

prevents

Application security requirements can mandate disabling directory indexing and enforcing proper access controls on web directories.

prevents

Secure system architecture principles include configuring web servers to prevent automatic directory listings.

References