Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:XSummary
CVE-2025-62786 is a medium-severity Buffer Underflow (CWE-124) vulnerability in Wazuh Wazuh. Its CVSS base score is 6.3 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 49th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-62786 is a heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the decode_win_permissions function of Wazuh, a free and open-source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. The flaw occurs when a NULL byte is written two bytes before the start of the buffer allocated to decoded_it, affecting the Wazuh manager component. It is classified under CWE-124 and has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A compromised Wazuh agent or an attacker able to craft and send a specially crafted agent message to the Wazuh manager can potentially exploit this issue to achieve remote code execution on the manager. Exploitability depends on the specifics of the respective heap allocator.
The vulnerability is fixed in Wazuh version 4.10.2. Additional details are available in the Wazuh security advisory at https://github.com/wazuh/wazuh/security/advisories/GHSA-2c8r-p6r5-xxmr and the fixing commit at https://github.com/wazuh/wazuh/commit/2257d7998aaff34263169d16f4afc491564a771c.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-36684
Vulnerability Data
Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. A heap-based out-of-bounds WRITE occurs in decode_win_permissions, resulting in writing a NULL byte 2 bytes before the start of the buffer allocated to decoded_it. A…
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compromised agent can potentially leverage this issue to perform remote code execution, by sending a specially crafted message to the wazuh manager. An attacker who is able to craft and send an agent message to the wazuh manager can leverage this issue to potentially achieve remote code execution on the wazuh manager (the exploitability of this vulnerability depends on the specifics of the respective heap allocator). This vulnerability is fixed in 4.10.2.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.4.1
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and analysis can discover buffer underwrite flaws before deployment but does not stop their introduction.
Input validation can enforce bounds on indices or pointers before buffer writes, structurally stopping underwrite conditions.
Memory protection mechanisms limit the blast radius of an out-of-bounds write even if the coding flaw exists.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices directly prevent introduction of buffer underwrite flaws via coding standards, reviews, and testing.
Vulnerability identification processes can discover buffer underwrite issues but do not prevent their creation.
Patching removes instances of the weakness after discovery but does not address root-cause prevention in code.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing in development catches buffer-underflow defects before release.
Secure SDLC mandates input validation and bounds checking that directly prevent buffer underflow.
Application security requirements can specify buffer-size and pointer-safety rules.
Secure architecture and engineering principles require safe memory-handling patterns.
Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe pointer arithmetic and mandate bounds checks.