Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-65559

Open5Gs 2.7.5

Public PoC
Published
18 December 2025
Modified
06 January 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0037 30th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-65559 is a high-severity Reachable Assertion (CWE-617) vulnerability in Open5Gs Open5Gs. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 30th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SC-5 (Denial-of-service Protection) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An issue was discovered in Open5GS 2.7.5-49-g465e90f, when processing a PFCP Session Establishment Request (type=50), the UPF crashes with a reachable assertion in `lib/pfcp/context.c` (`ogs_pfcp_object_teid_hash_set`) if the CreatePDR?PDI?F-TEID has CH=1 and the F-TEID address-family flag(s) (IPv4/IPv6) do not match the…

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GTP-U resource family configured for the selected DNN (Network Instance), resulting in a denial of service.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

The CVE describes a reachable assertion crash in Open5GS UPF triggered by a malformed PFCP Session Establishment Request (CH=1 with mismatched F-TEID address family), directly enabling an application-layer DoS via crafted network protocol messages.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-7485Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2024-34235Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2025-6952Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2023-37018Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-1737Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2025-8698Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2025-8804Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-1738Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2023-37021Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-1736Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs

Affected Assets

open5gs
open5gs
2.7.5

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SC-5 Denial-of-service Protection
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)
  • SI-4 System Monitoring
Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Validates PFCP CreatePDR/PDI/F-TEID fields (CH flag and address-family) against configured DNN GTP-U resources before ogs_pfcp_object_teid_hash_set is reached.

prevent

Limits the impact of malformed PFCP Session Establishment Requests that trigger the reachable assertion and resulting UPF crash.

detect

Monitors PFCP traffic for unexpected F-TEID address-family mismatches that precede the assertion failure and DoS condition.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly prevent unsafe assertions from being coded in reachable paths.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software can detect assertion-triggered crashes as adverse events.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover and record reachable-assertion flaws before deployment.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development can detect reachable assertions before release, reducing the likelihood of exploitation.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates defensive coding and input validation that prevent reachable assertions from being triggered by untrusted data.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify that assertions must not be reachable from attacker-controlled inputs.

prevents

Secure architecture principles discourage the use of assertions for runtime error handling that an attacker could exploit.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly ban the use of assert() or equivalent statements that can be triggered by external input.

References