Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-66277

Critical

Published: 11 February 2026

Published
11 February 2026
Modified
12 February 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0009 25.8th percentile
Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-66277 is a critical-severity Link Following (CWE-59) vulnerability in Qnap Qts. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 25.8th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 2 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly mitigates the CVE by identifying, reporting, and correcting the improper link resolution flaw in QNAP OS versions.

prevent

Validates file path inputs to prevent improper link resolution before access, blocking traversal to unintended file system locations.

prevent

Enforces approved access authorizations for file system resources, limiting unauthorized read, write, or delete operations even if traversal partially succeeds.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
T1070.004 File Deletion Stealth
Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity.
Why these techniques?

Remote unauthenticated path traversal vuln in public-facing QNAP NAS directly enables T1190 exploitation; resulting arbitrary read/write/delete access maps to T1005 local data access and T1070.004 file deletion.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

A link following vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. The remote attackers can then exploit the vulnerability to traverse the file system to unintended locations. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:…

more

QTS 5.2.8.3350 build 20251216 and later QuTS hero h5.3.2.3354 build 20251225 and later QuTS hero h5.2.8.3350 build 20251216 and later

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-66277 is a link following vulnerability (CWE-59: Improper Link Resolution Before File Access) affecting multiple versions of QNAP operating systems, including QTS and QuTS hero. It enables remote attackers to traverse the file system to unintended locations, potentially exposing sensitive data or enabling unauthorized modifications. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical), reflecting its network accessibility, low complexity, lack of prerequisites, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It was published on 2026-02-11.

Remote, unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low effort, as it requires no privileges or user interaction. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary file system traversal, granting read, write, or delete access to files outside intended directories, which could lead to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or persistent access on affected QNAP NAS devices.

QNAP has addressed the issue in patched releases: QTS 5.2.8.3350 build 20251216 and later, QuTS hero h5.3.2.3354 build 20251225 and later, and QuTS hero h5.2.8.3350 build 20251216 and later. Security practitioners should verify systems are updated to these or newer versions and review the official advisory at https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-26-05 for full details on affected models and upgrade instructions.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

qnap
qts
5.2.0.2737, 5.2.0.2744, 5.2.0.2782, 5.2.0.2802, 5.2.0.2823
qnap
quts hero
h5.2.0.2737, h5.2.0.2782, h5.2.0.2789, h5.2.0.2802, h5.2.0.2823

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References