Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-66675

Apache Struts 2.0.0 – 2.3.37

Published
10 December 2025
Modified
16 December 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.2
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0059 45th percentile
Risk Priority 62 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-66675 is a high-severity Incomplete Cleanup (CWE-459) vulnerability in Apache Struts. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data from Local System (T1005); ranked at the 45th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-14 (Non-persistence) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-66675 is a denial-of-service vulnerability in Apache Struts stemming from a file leak during multipart request processing, which can lead to disk exhaustion. The issue affects Apache Struts versions from 2.0.0 through 6.7.4 and from 7.0.0 through 7.0.3. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H) and is associated with CWE-459 (Incomplete Cleanup).

A remote, unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. By sending crafted multipart requests, the attacker triggers incomplete file cleanup, causing files to accumulate on disk and exhaust storage resources, resulting in high availability impact and potential service disruption. A low confidentiality impact is also possible due to leaked files.

Apache recommends upgrading to version 6.8.0 or 7.1.1, which address the issue. This CVE supplements CVE-2025-64775 by including the previously missing affected version 6.7.4. Additional details are available in the Apache Struts security advisory at https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-068 and the related CVE record at https://cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-64775.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Denial of Service vulnerability in Apache Struts, file leak in multipart request processing causes disk exhaustion. This issue affects Apache Struts: from 2.0.0 through 6.7.4, from 7.0.0 through 7.0.3. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.8.0 or 7.1.1, which…

more

fixes the issue. It's related to https://cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-64775 - this CVE addresses missing affected version 6.7.4

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-41835Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2025-64775Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2025-68493Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2023-50164Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2017-9791Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2017-12611Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2012-0391Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2016-3087Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2023-42794Same vendor: Apache
CVE-2023-34149Same product: Apache Struts

Affected Assets

apache
struts
2.0.0 — 2.3.37 · 2.5.0 — 2.5.33 · 6.0.0 — 6.8.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V6.4.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover incomplete cleanup through dynamic analysis or resource-leak testing.

Non-persistence mechanisms explicitly initiate resources in a known state and terminate them, directly enforcing cleanup.

Session termination forces explicit release of session-related temporary resources.

Preventing unintended information transfer through shared resources requires complete cleanup of those resources.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices and coding standards normally require proper resource release and cleanup.

ID.AM-08 partial match
prevents

Life-cycle management encompasses disposal of temporary resources but does not specifically target runtime cleanup bugs.

PR.DS-10 partial match
prevents

Explicitly calls for removing sensitive data after use, directly addressing one class of incomplete cleanup.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

degrades

Explicitly requires secure deletion of temporary or residual data, directly addressing incomplete cleanup.

prevents

SDLC practices include cleanup steps, yet the weakness can still occur if those steps are omitted.

prevents

Secure-coding rules can mandate explicit cleanup of temporary resources, but do not guarantee it.

finds

Change-management processes may require cleanup verification, but the control itself does not address the weakness.

References