Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-68493

XXE in Apache Struts 2.0.0 – 2.3.37

Published
11 January 2026
Modified
15 July 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.37 98th percentile
Risk Priority 77 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-68493 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (CWE-611) vulnerability in Apache Struts. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to CM-6 (Configuration Settings) and SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-68493 is a missing XML validation vulnerability, classified under CWE-611 (XML External Entity Injection), affecting Apache Struts. The issue impacts versions from 2.0.0 before 2.2.1, as well as versions from 2.2.1 through 6.1.0. Published on 2026-01-11, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for remote exploitation with significant confidentiality and availability impacts.

Attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network without authentication privileges, though it requires user interaction, such as tricking a user into processing a malicious input. Successful exploitation enables high confidentiality loss, allowing disclosure of sensitive data, and high availability disruption, potentially leading to denial-of-service conditions, while integrity remains unaffected.

Apache advisories recommend upgrading to version 6.1.1, which resolves the issue. Additional details are available in the Apache Struts security bulletin at https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-069 and the oss-security mailing list announcement at http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/11/2.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Missing XML Validation vulnerability in Apache Struts, Apache Struts. This issue affects Apache Struts: from 2.0.0 before 2.2.1; Apache Struts: from 2.2.1 through 6.1.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.1.1, which fixes the issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
T1213 Data from Information Repositories Collection
Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2021-31805Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2023-41835Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2025-66675Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2025-64775Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2023-50164Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2017-9791Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2017-12611Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2016-3087Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2024-53677Same product: Apache Struts
CVE-2012-0391Same product: Apache Struts

Affected Assets

apache
struts
2.0.0 — 2.3.37 · 2.5.0 — 2.5.33 · 6.0.0 — 6.1.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.5.1
  • V15.3.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Secure configuration settings can disable external entity processing in XML parsers.

Developer testing can discover XXE flaws through targeted XML parsing tests.

Input validation can reject or sanitize XML containing external entity references.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-01 mostly match
prevents

Hardened XML parser configurations directly disable external entity resolution.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices include input validation and safe XML parser configuration that prevent XXE.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning can discover XXE flaws but does not prevent their introduction in code.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching eliminates XXE-vulnerable parser versions but is only one aspect of software maintenance.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development catches XXE via static analysis and dynamic XML fuzzing.

finds

Vulnerability management identifies and patches XML libraries with unsafe default entity settings.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and entity handling that directly prevents XXE.

prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for disabling external entity processing in XML parsers.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include safe parser configuration that mitigates external entity risks.

prevents

Secure coding standards require disabling DTDs and external entities in XML processing.

References