Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-69195

Memory Safety in Gnu Wget2 2.1.0 – 2.2.1

Published
09 January 2026
Modified
05 March 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 7.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0030 22th percentile
Risk Priority 56 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-69195 is a high-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Gnu Wget2. Its CVSS base score is 7.6 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 22th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-69195 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-121) in GNU Wget2, occurring in the filename sanitization logic when processing attacker-controlled URL paths, particularly when filename restriction options are active. Published on 2026-01-09, it allows memory corruption upon user interaction with wget2 processing a malicious URL.

A remote attacker with no privileges can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity by providing a specially crafted URL. Exploitation requires user interaction, such as executing wget2 on the URL, which triggers the buffer overflow leading to memory corruption. This can cause the application to crash (high availability impact) and potentially enable limited confidentiality and integrity impacts, as reflected in the CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.6 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H).

Red Hat advisories provide further details on this issue, including potential patches and mitigation guidance, at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-69195 and the Bugzilla tracker entry https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2425770.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A flaw was found in GNU Wget2. This vulnerability, a stack-based buffer overflow, occurs in the filename sanitization logic when processing attacker-controlled URL paths, particularly when filename restriction options are active. A remote attacker can exploit this by providing a…

more

specially crafted URL, which, upon user interaction with wget2, can lead to memory corruption. This can cause the application to crash and potentially allow for further malicious activities.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-1858Same product: Gnu Wget2
CVE-2025-69194Same product: Gnu Wget2
CVE-2024-36600Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2025-66865Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2025-62689Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2026-32746Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2026-6861Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2024-33599Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2024-56737Same vendor: Gnu
CVE-2025-0689Same vendor: Gnu

Affected Assets

gnu
wget2
2.1.0 — 2.2.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 2 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and analysis can discover stack-buffer overflows before deployment.

Input validation directly stops untrusted data from exceeding stack buffer bounds.

Memory-protection mechanisms limit the ability to execute injected code after a stack overflow.

Secure-engineering principles include bounds-checked coding and safe buffer handling that avoid introducing the flaw.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices directly prevent introduction of stack buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning can discover stack buffer overflows but does not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching eliminates known instances of the weakness after discovery.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing (fuzzing, static analysis) detects stack overflows before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates buffer-safety practices that directly prevent stack overflows.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify buffer-size and input-validation rules.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety and least-privilege stack usage.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer handling that causes CWE-121.

none

Change-management gates can enforce security reviews that catch buffer issues.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248594 OL 8 must implement address space layout randomization (ASLR) to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution. prevents CWE-121
Oracle Linux 9 (1 rule)
  • V-271452 OL 9 must use a Linux Security Module configured to enforce limits on system services. prevents CWE-121

References