Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-9185 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Process Injection (T1055); ranked at the 39th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-8 (Security and Privacy Engineering Principles) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-9185 involves multiple memory safety bugs in Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird products, specifically affecting Firefox ESR 115.26, Firefox ESR 128.13, Thunderbird ESR 128.13, Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141, and Thunderbird 141. These bugs include instances showing evidence of memory corruption, which Mozilla presumes could be exploited with sufficient effort to achieve arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-119 (improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer) and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1.
Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability over the network without user privileges or interaction, though it requires high attack complexity. Successful exploitation could result in high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, potentially allowing arbitrary code execution within the browser or mail client context due to the memory corruption issues.
Mozilla's security advisories (MFSA 2025-64 through MFSA 2025-67) and related Bugzilla entries detail the fixes, which are available in updated releases: Firefox 142, Firefox ESR 115.27, Firefox ESR 128.14, Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird 142, Thunderbird ESR 128.14, and Thunderbird ESR 140.2. Security practitioners should prioritize patching affected versions to mitigate the risk of code execution.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-25243
Vulnerability Data
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 115.26, Firefox ESR 128.13, Thunderbird ESR 128.13, Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141 and Thunderbird 141. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough…
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effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 142, Firefox ESR 115.27, Firefox ESR 128.14, Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird 142, Thunderbird 128.14, and Thunderbird 140.2.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V17.3.2
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Secure engineering principles require memory-safe design and coding that structurally avoids buffer-boundary violations.
Input validation directly enforces bounds checking that stops out-of-bounds reads/writes from being introduced or reached.
Memory protection restricts exploitation impact of buffer overflows without eliminating the underlying coding flaw.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices (bounds checking, safe APIs, reviews) directly prevent this class of flaw.
Vulnerability scanning and code analysis directly surface buffer-boundary flaws.
Receiving and triaging vulnerability disclosures commonly includes buffer-related reports.
Developer training on secure coding reduces introduction of memory-buffer errors.
Patching replaces vulnerable code containing buffer-boundary defects.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing in development catches out-of-bounds accesses before release, covering most instances of the weakness.
Secure development lifecycle mandates memory-safety practices that directly prevent buffer-boundary violations.
Application security requirements can specify memory-safety rules, but do not prescribe implementation details.
Secure architecture and engineering principles include memory-safe design patterns that mitigate buffer overflows.
Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer operations, directly eliminating CWE-119.