CVE-2025-9589
Raw vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:XSummary
CVE-2025-9589 is a low-severity Use of Default Password (CWE-1393) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 1.1 (Low).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Default Accounts (T1078.001); ranked at the 3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to CM-6 (Configuration Settings) and IA-5 (Authenticator Management) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-26151
Vulnerability Data
A vulnerability was determined in Cudy WR1200EA 2.3.7-20250113-121810. Affected is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow. Executing manipulation can lead to use of default password. The attack needs to be launched locally. A high complexity level is associated with…
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this attack. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Default password in /etc/shadow directly enables use of default local accounts (T1078.001).
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly requires organizations to change or prohibit default authenticators (passwords) stored in files such as /etc/shadow before system use.
Enforces secure configuration settings that replace vendor default passwords with organization-defined values on devices like the Cudy router.
Establishes secure baseline configurations that explicitly prohibit retention of default credentials in authentication stores.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Credential management directly requires replacing default passwords with unique, strong credentials.
Hardened configuration baselines explicitly prohibit default passwords, covering most of the weakness but not all identity-management aspects.
Vulnerability scanning will discover default-password instances, enabling remediation, yet does not itself prevent their initial use.
Authentication policies can enforce non-default passwords but do not address the full scope of credential lifecycle.
Authorization policies assume credentials already exist and are not default; least-privilege helps limit impact but does not prevent defaults.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Mandates secure handling and change of authentication secrets, directly addressing default passwords.
Configuration management processes typically enforce changing defaults during hardening.
Requires secure authentication mechanisms, which includes replacing or disabling default credentials.
Utility programs often ship with defaults; control requires secure configuration before use.
Privileged accounts must not retain factory passwords, reducing risk of default-credential abuse.