Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-9649

Broadcom Tcpreplay 4.5.1

Public PoC
Published
29 August 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 1.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0022 13th percentile
Risk Priority 15 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-9649 is a low-severity Divide By Zero (CWE-369) vulnerability in Broadcom Tcpreplay. Its CVSS base score is 1.9 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 13th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and AC-6 (Least Privilege) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A security vulnerability has been detected in appneta tcpreplay 4.5.1. Impacted is the function calc_sleep_time of the file send_packets.c. Such manipulation leads to divide by zero. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and…

more

may be used. Upgrading to version 4.5.3-beta3 is recommended to address this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The vendor confirms in a GitHub issue reply: "Was able to reproduce in 6fcbf03 but NOT 4.5.3-beta3."

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Local divide-by-zero crash directly enables application exploitation for endpoint DoS.

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-9384Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2025-51006Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2025-51005Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2023-27783Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2023-27788Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2023-27787Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2025-9019Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2024-3024Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2025-9386Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay
CVE-2023-27789Same product: Broadcom Tcpreplay

Affected Assets

broadcom
tcpreplay
4.5.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • AC-6 Least Privilege
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires timely patching or upgrading of tcpreplay to 4.5.3-beta3 to eliminate the divide-by-zero flaw in calc_sleep_time.

prevent

Restricts execution of tcpreplay to only authorized users via least privilege, limiting local exploitation of the CWE-369 condition.

prevent

Enforces validation of inputs to send_packets.c to block malformed values that trigger the divide-by-zero error.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly include code analysis, input validation, and testing that prevent divide-by-zero errors.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring can detect resource exhaustion caused by improper shutdown or release.

ID.AM-08 partial match
prevents

Lifecycle management of assets can encompass proper resource release at end-of-life or shutdown.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover divide-by-zero flaws via static analysis or testing.

PR.IR-04 partial match
prevents

Capacity management helps surface leaks from unreleased resources but does not prevent the coding flaw.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching and replacement can remediate divide-by-zero bugs present in deployed software.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development can detect divide-by-zero conditions before release.

prevents

Including restart, recovery and media-handling instructions reduces the likelihood that resources or sensitive data will be left in an exposed or improperly released state after a failure.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle includes input validation and error-handling practices that can prevent divide-by-zero faults.

prevents

Application security requirements can mandate checks for zero denominators and safe arithmetic handling.

prevents

Secure architecture principles encourage defensive coding patterns that avoid arithmetic exceptions.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly require validation to prevent divide-by-zero and similar runtime faults.

References