Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-0863

RCE in N8N ≤ 1.123.14

Public PoCRCE
Published
18 January 2026
Modified
10 February 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.085 95th percentile
Risk Priority 68 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-0863 is a high-severity Eval Injection (CWE-95) vulnerability in N8N N8N. Its CVSS base score is 8.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique JavaScript (T1059.007); ranked in the top 5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-0863 is a sandbox escape vulnerability in n8n's python-task-executor component, where attackers can use string formatting and exception handling to bypass restrictions and execute arbitrary unrestricted Python code on the underlying operating system. The vulnerability affects the n8n workflow automation tool, particularly its Code block functionality. It carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.5 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-95 (Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code) and CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code).

An authenticated user with basic permissions can exploit the vulnerability via the Code block. On n8n instances operating in "Internal" execution mode, successful exploitation leads to full instance takeover. In "External" execution mode, such as with n8n's official Docker image, arbitrary code execution is confined to a Sidecar container rather than the main node, significantly reducing the potential impact.

Mitigation details are provided in vendor and researcher advisories, including a patch commit in the n8n GitHub repository (b73a4283cb14e0f27ce19692326f362c7bf3da02) and analyses from JFrog Research (JFSA-2026-001651077) and SmartKeys.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Using string formatting and exception handling, an attacker may bypass n8n's python-task-executor sandbox restrictions and run arbitrary unrestricted Python code in the underlying operating system. The vulnerability can be exploited via the Code block by an authenticated user with basic…

more

permissions and can lead to a full n8n instance takeover on instances operating under "Internal" execution mode. If the instance is operating under the "External" execution mode (ex. n8n's official Docker image) - arbitrary code execution occurs inside a Sidecar container and not the main node, which significantly reduces the vulnerability impact.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.002 AppleScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.005 Visual Basic Execution
Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-27493Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-27498Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-27577Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-27495Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-42234Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-33660Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-27497Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-21877Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-1470Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2025-68613Same product: N8N N8N

Affected Assets

n8n
n8n
≤ 1.123.14 · 2.0.0 — 2.3.5 · 2.4.0 — 2.4.2

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.1
  • V1.3.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and code analysis can discover eval-injection flaws but does not stop their introduction.

Input validation explicitly requires neutralizing untrusted data before it reaches dynamic evaluation constructs such as eval.

Least privilege limits the damage an injected code fragment can perform once executed.

Secure-development standards and tools can mandate safe coding patterns that avoid unsafe dynamic evaluation.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input neutralization and avoidance of unsafe dynamic evaluation.

PR.DS-10 none match
prevents

PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development can detect eval injection vulnerabilities before deployment.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and safe coding practices that directly prevent eval injection.

prevents

Application security requirements include rules against dynamic code execution of untrusted input.

prevents

Secure architecture principles discourage unsafe dynamic evaluation constructs.

prevents

Secure coding explicitly requires neutralization of input before dynamic evaluation, directly mitigating eval injection.

none

Separation of environments limits the blast radius if eval injection occurs in non-production.

References