Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-20023

Memory Safety in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software 9.12.1 … 9.23.1.7

Published
04 March 2026
Modified
04 May 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 6.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0015 5th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-20023 is a medium-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software. Its CVSS base score is 6.1 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-7 (Boundary Protection) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability in the OSPF protocol of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to corrupt memory on an affected device, resulting in a denial…

more

of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to memory corruption when parsing OSPF protocol packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted OSPF packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause memory corruption causing the affected device to reboot, resulting in a DoS condition.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Memory corruption via crafted OSPF packets directly enables application/system exploitation resulting in DoS (T1499.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-20182Same product: Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software
CVE-2024-20501Same vendor: Cisco
CVE-2024-20357Same vendor: Cisco
CVE-2023-31488Same vendor: Cisco
CVE-2024-20308Same vendor: Cisco
CVE-2024-20376Same vendor: Cisco
CVE-2024-20499Same vendor: Cisco
CVE-2023-20213Same vendor: Cisco
CVE-2024-20375Same vendor: Cisco
CVE-2023-20109Same vendor: Cisco

Affected Assets

cisco
firepower threat defense software
6.4.0, 6.4.0.1, 6.4.0.10, 6.4.0.11, 6.4.0.12
cisco
adaptive security appliance software
9.12.1, 9.12.1.2, 9.12.1.3, 9.12.2, 9.12.2.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SC-7 Boundary Protection
  • CM-7 Least Functionality
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly mitigates the root cause (CWE-787) by requiring validation of OSPF protocol packets before parsing to block out-of-bounds writes.

prevent

Boundary protection (e.g., interface ACLs, OSPF neighbor authentication, or adjacency filters) can block unauthenticated adjacent attackers from sending crafted OSPF packets to the firewall.

prevent

Least functionality disables or restricts OSPF on the ASA/FTD when not required, eliminating the attack surface for this protocol-specific flaw.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices (static analysis, bounds checking, code review) are the primary means of preventing out-of-bounds writes.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover out-of-bounds write flaws so they can be remediated.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software directly eliminates known instances of this coding weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and prevent out-of-bounds write defects.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that prevent out-of-bounds writes.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory handling.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles reduce the likelihood of buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding directly addresses out-of-bounds writes through language choice and coding standards.

prevents

Change management can enforce review gates that catch unsafe memory operations before deployment.

References