Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-21908

Memory Safety in Juniper Junos 23.2 … 25.2

Published
15 January 2026
Modified
23 January 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:M/U:Green
EPSS Score 0.0029 22th percentile
Risk Priority 32 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-21908 is a high-severity Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability in Juniper Junos. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked at the 22th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-8 (Security and Privacy Engineering Principles) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-21908 is a Use After Free vulnerability (CWE-416) in the 802.1X authentication daemon (dot1xd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved. The flaw occurs during processing of a change in authorization (CoA) event coinciding with a port bounce, where a pointer is freed but later referenced in the same code path. It affects systems with 802.1X authentication port-based network access control (PNAC) enabled, specifically Junos OS versions from 23.2R2-S1 before 23.2R2-S5, from 23.4R2 before 23.4R2-S6, from 24.2 before 24.2R2-S3, from 24.4 before 24.4R2-S1, and from 25.2 before 25.2R1-S2 or 25.2R2; and Junos OS Evolved versions from 23.2R2-S1 before 23.2R2-S5-EVO, from 23.4R2 before 23.4R2-S6-EVO, from 24.2 before 24.2R2-S3-EVO, from 24.4 before 24.4R2-S1-EVO, and from 25.2 before 25.2R1-S2-EVO or 25.2R2-EVO. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

An authenticated, network-adjacent attacker can exploit this by flapping a port, potentially crashing the dot1xd process and causing a Denial of Service (DoS), or achieving arbitrary code execution within the context of the root-privileged process. Exploitation requires precise timing between the CoA event and port bounce to trigger the vulnerable code path, placing successful attacks outside the attacker's direct control.

Mitigation details, including patches for affected versions, are provided in Juniper Security Advisory JSA106007, accessible at https://kb.juniper.net/JSA106007 and https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA106007.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A Use After Free vulnerability was identified in the 802.1X authentication daemon (dot1xd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved that could allow an authenticated, network-adjacent attacker flapping a port to crash the dot1xd process, leading to a…

more

Denial of Service (DoS), or potentially execute arbitrary code within the context of the process running as root. The issue is specific to the processing of a change in authorization (CoA) when a port bounce occurs. A pointer is freed but was then referenced later in the same code path. Successful exploitation is outside the attacker's direct control due to the specific timing of the two events required to execute the vulnerable code path. This issue affects systems with 802.1X authentication port-based network access control (PNAC) enabled. This issue affects: Junos OS: * from 23.2R2-S1 before 23.2R2-S5, * from 23.4R2 before 23.4R2-S6, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2-S3, * from 24.4 before 24.4R2-S1, * from 25.2 before 25.2R1-S2, 25.2R2; Junos OS Evolved: * from 23.2R2-S1 before 23.2R2-S5-EVO, * from 23.4R2 before 23.4R2-S6-EVO, * from 24.2 before 24.2R2-S3-EVO, * from 24.4 before 24.4R2-S1-EVO, * from 25.2 before 25.2R1-S2-EVO, 25.2R2-EVO.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-21921Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2024-39528Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2024-30386Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2023-28980Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2025-52946Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2023-22402Same product: Juniper Junos Os Evolved
CVE-2023-36833Same product: Juniper Junos Os Evolved
CVE-2024-30378Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2023-28984Same product: Juniper Junos
CVE-2025-26681Shared CWE-416

Affected Assets

juniper
junos
23.2, 23.4, 24.2, 24.4, 25.2
juniper
junos os evolved
23.2, 23.4, 24.2, 24.4, 25.2

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.4.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation can discover use-after-free bugs through dynamic analysis or fuzzing.

Engineering principles can require memory-safe constructs or languages that structurally avoid introducing use-after-free.

Process isolation confines the blast radius of use-after-free memory corruption to a single execution domain.

Memory protection controls limit exploitation impact by blocking unauthorized code execution from dangling pointers.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly incorporate memory-safety tooling and reviews that prevent most use-after-free defects.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover use-after-free issues via scanning or analysis but do not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching removes known use-after-free instances after they have been introduced in released software.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development can detect use-after-free bugs before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates memory-safety practices that reduce use-after-free defects.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-management rules that mitigate use-after-free.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety design choices that limit use-after-free exposure.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly prescribe avoidance of use-after-free patterns.

prevents

Change-management processes help ensure memory-safety fixes are deployed consistently.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248592 OL 8 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416
RHEL 8 (1 rule)
  • V-230279 RHEL 8 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416
RHEL 9 (1 rule)
  • V-257794 RHEL 9 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416

References