Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-24677

Memory Safety in Freerdp ≤ 3.22.0

Memory Safety
Published
09 February 2026
Modified
10 February 2026
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v4 8.7
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0049 40th percentile
Risk Priority 45 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-24677 is a high-severity Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability in Freerdp Freerdp. Its CVSS base score is 8.7 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked at the 40th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-8 (Security and Privacy Engineering Principles) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-24677 is a vulnerability in FreeRDP, a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), affecting versions prior to 3.22.0. The issue resides in the ecam_encoder_compress_h264 function, which trusts server-controlled dimensions without validating the source buffer size. This leads to an out-of-bounds read in the sws_scale function. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-416 (Use After Free) with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H), indicating critical severity due to high impacts on confidentiality and availability.

A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by operating a malicious RDP server. When a victim uses a vulnerable FreeRDP client to connect to the server, the attacker can send crafted dimensions during H.264 encoding, triggering the out-of-bounds read. No privileges or user interaction are required beyond initiating the connection, allowing network-accessible exploitation with low complexity. Successful exploitation can result in disclosure of sensitive memory contents from the client or denial of service via application crash.

The FreeRDP security advisory (GHSA-xw37-j744-f8v7) and the fixing commit (d2d4f449312ddafd4a4c6c8a4f856c7f0d44a3b5) confirm the issue was addressed in version 3.22.0 by adding proper buffer size validation. Security practitioners should update FreeRDP clients to 3.22.0 or later to mitigate the risk.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.22.0, ecam_encoder_compress_h264 trusts server-controlled dimensions and does not validate the source buffer size, leading to an out-of-bounds read in sws_scale. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.22.0.

CWE(s)
CWE-416

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-24684Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-24676Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-23883Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-23884Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-24683Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-24675Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-26986Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-25955Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-22857Same product: Freerdp Freerdp
CVE-2026-25954Same product: Freerdp Freerdp

Affected Assets

freerdp
freerdp
≤ 3.22.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.4.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and evaluation can discover use-after-free bugs through dynamic analysis or fuzzing.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Engineering principles can require memory-safe constructs or languages that structurally avoid introducing use-after-free.

SC-39 Process Isolation partial match

Process isolation confines the blast radius of use-after-free memory corruption to a single execution domain.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

Memory protection controls limit exploitation impact by blocking unauthorized code execution from dangling pointers.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly incorporate memory-safety tooling and reviews that prevent most use-after-free defects.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover use-after-free issues via scanning or analysis but do not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching removes known use-after-free instances after they have been introduced in released software.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development can detect use-after-free bugs before release.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure SDLC mandates memory-safety practices that reduce use-after-free defects.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-management rules that mitigate use-after-free.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety design choices that limit use-after-free exposure.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards directly prescribe avoidance of use-after-free patterns.

A.8.32 Change management partial match
prevents

Change-management processes help ensure memory-safety fixes are deployed consistently.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248592 OL 8 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416
RHEL 8 (1 rule)
  • V-230279 RHEL 8 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416
RHEL 9 (1 rule)
  • V-257794 RHEL 9 must clear memory when it is freed to prevent use-after-free attacks. prevents CWE-416

References