Cyber Posture

CVE-2026-28209

HighRCE

Published: 05 March 2026

Published
05 March 2026
Modified
06 March 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0015 35.4th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2026-28209 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Sangoma Freepbx. Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 35.4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique.
Threat & Defense Details

Likely Mitigating ControlsAI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
Why these techniques?

Command injection (CWE-78) in network-accessible FreePBX recordings/TTS module directly enables T1190 (public-facing app exploitation over AV:N) leading to arbitrary OS command execution via T1059.004 (Unix shell on Linux-based PBX).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. From versions 16.0.17.2 to before 16.0.20 and from version 17.0.2.4 to before 17.0.5, a command injection vulnerability exists in FreePBX when using the ElevenLabs Text-to-Speech (TTS) engine in the recordings module. This issue…

more

has been patched in versions 16.0.20 and 17.0.5.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2026-28209 is a command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in FreePBX, an open source IP PBX software. It affects versions 16.0.17.2 up to but not including 16.0.20, and versions 17.0.2.4 up to but not including 17.0.5, specifically when using the ElevenLabs Text-to-Speech (TTS) engine in the recordings module. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and was published on 2026-03-05.

The vulnerability can be exploited over the network by an attacker with high privileges (PR:H), requiring low attack complexity and no user interaction. Successful exploitation enables high-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, allowing arbitrary command execution on the affected FreePBX system.

FreePBX has patched the issue in versions 16.0.20 and 17.0.5. Additional details are available in the security advisory at https://github.com/FreePBX/security-reporting/security/advisories/GHSA-f558-mp87-58vj.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

sangoma
freepbx
16.0.17.2 — 16.0.20 · 17.0.2.4 — 17.0.5

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-58294Same product: Sangoma Freepbx
CVE-2026-28287Same product: Sangoma Freepbx
CVE-2026-28284Same product: Sangoma Freepbx
CVE-2025-66039Same product: Sangoma Freepbx
CVE-2026-28210Same product: Sangoma Freepbx
CVE-2025-57819Same product: Sangoma Freepbx
CVE-2025-55210Same product: Sangoma Freepbx
CVE-2025-64328Same vendor: Sangoma
CVE-2026-25070Shared CWE-78
CVE-2026-34796Shared CWE-78

References