Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-28212

Memory Safety in Firebirdsql Firebird ≤ 3.0.14

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
17 April 2026
Modified
24 April 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0050 40th percentile
Risk Priority 58 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-28212 is a high-severity NULL Pointer Dereference (CWE-476) vulnerability in Firebirdsql Firebird. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Endpoint Denial of Service (T1499); ranked at the 40th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-15 (Development Process, Standards, and Tools) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-28212 is a null pointer dereference vulnerability in Firebird, an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 6.0.0, 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14, the server processes an op_slice network packet by passing an unprepared structure containing a null pointer to the SDL_info() function, resulting in a server crash. This flaw, classified under CWE-476, carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H), highlighting its potential for high availability impact.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely by sending a crafted op_slice packet to the Firebird server port, triggering the null pointer dereference and causing a denial-of-service condition through server termination. No privileges, user interaction, or special access are required, making it accessible over the network with low complexity.

Mitigation is addressed in the official Firebird releases: version 6.0.0, 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14, available via GitHub release tags. The Firebird security advisory (GHSA-9884-9qm3-hqch) details the issue and recommends upgrading to these patched versions to prevent exploitation.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 6.0.0, 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, when processing an op_slice network packet, the server passes an unprepared structure containing a null pointer to the SDL_info() function, resulting in a…

more

null pointer dereference and server crash. An unauthenticated attacker can trigger this by sending a crafted packet to the server port. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.0.0, 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.
T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
T1489 Service Stop Impact
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-54989Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2026-28224Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2025-24975Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2026-35215Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2026-28214Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2023-41038Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2026-34232Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2025-65104Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2026-33337Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird
CVE-2026-40342Same product: Firebirdsql Firebird

Affected Assets

firebirdsql
firebird
≤ 3.0.14 · 4.0.0 — 4.0.7 · 5.0.0 — 5.0.4

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation (including static analysis) directly finds null-dereference bugs before deployment.

Documented development standards and tools can enforce null-safety rules and safe pointer usage.

Engineering principles can mandate defensive coding such as explicit null checks before dereference.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (static analysis, code review, safe coding standards) directly prevent NULL dereference bugs during development.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect NULL dereference defects before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates defensive coding practices that can prevent NULL dereferences.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify input validation and pointer-safety rules.

prevents

Secure architecture principles encourage defensive design that avoids unsafe pointer use.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly require NULL-pointer checks and safe dereference patterns.

References