Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-28456

Openclaw 2026.1.5 – 2026.2.14

Public PoC
Published
05 March 2026
Modified
09 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 8.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0040 33th percentile
Risk Priority 30 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-28456 is a high-severity Uncontrolled Search Path Element (CWE-427) vulnerability in Openclaw Openclaw. Its CVSS base score is 8.6 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Path Interception (T1034); ranked at the 33th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to CM-6 (Configuration Settings) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-28456 is a vulnerability in the Gateway component of OpenClaw versions 2026.1.5 prior to 2026.2.14. The issue stems from insufficient constraints on configured hook module paths before they are passed to the dynamic import() function in the Node.js process, allowing arbitrary code execution. Classified as CWE-427 (Uncontrolled Search Path Element), it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) and was published on 2026-03-05.

An attacker with access to modify the gateway configuration can exploit this flaw to load and execute unintended local modules in the Node.js process. Successful exploitation enables high-impact compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability within the Gateway, potentially leading to full control over the affected process.

Mitigation involves updating to OpenClaw version 2026.2.14 or later, as detailed in the GitHub security advisory GHSA-v6c6-vqqg-w888 and fixing commits such as 35c0e66ed057f1a9f7ad2515fdcef516bd6584ce and a0361b8ba959e8506dc79d638b6e6a00d12887e4. Additional analysis is provided in the VulnCheck advisory at https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arbitrary-code-execution-via-unsafe-hook-module-path-handling.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

OpenClaw versions 2026.1.5 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the Gateway in which it does not sufficiently constrain configured hook module paths before passing them to dynamic import(), allowing code execution. An attacker with gateway configuration modification access can…

more

load and execute unintended local modules in the Node.js process.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1034 Path Interception Persistence
**This technique has been deprecated.
T1574.007 Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable Stealth
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries.
T1574.008 Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking Stealth
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load other programs.
T1574 Hijack Execution Flow Stealth
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs.
T1574.001 DLL Stealth
Adversaries may abuse dynamic-link library files (DLLs) in order to achieve persistence, escalate privileges, and evade defenses.
T1574.004 Dylib Hijacking Stealth
Adversaries may execute their own payloads by placing a malicious dynamic library (dylib) with an expected name in a path a victim application searches at runtime.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

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CVE-2026-53865Same product: Openclaw Openclaw
CVE-2026-53819Same product: Openclaw Openclaw
CVE-2026-53846Same product: Openclaw Openclaw
CVE-2026-32032Same product: Openclaw Openclaw
CVE-2026-32009Same product: Openclaw Openclaw
CVE-2026-32015Same product: Openclaw Openclaw

Affected Assets

openclaw
openclaw
2026.1.5 — 2026.2.14

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Establishes restrictive configuration settings that can define and lock down approved search paths.

Enforces approved authorizations so that only intended actors can place or modify elements in the search path.

Limits privileges so unintended actors cannot write to or control directories in the product's search path.

Restricts logical and physical access to change system configuration, including search-path settings and directories.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices directly address design of search paths and resource loading.

PR.PS-01 partial match
prevents

Hardened configuration baselines can enforce safe search-path settings and reduce exposure.

PR.PS-05 partial match
prevents

Execution allow-listing can block malicious binaries placed in hijackable search locations.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect uncontrolled search-path issues but does not prevent them by itself.

mitigates

Restricting software installation reduces the chance that an attacker-controlled path element is introduced into the search path.

mitigates

Secure system architecture and engineering principles require explicit control over search paths and resource locations.

prevents

Secure coding practices directly address the use of fixed or controlled search paths that can be influenced by unintended actors.

prevents

Configuration management can enforce approved search-path settings but does not inherently prevent the weakness.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248577 OL 8 must enable kernel parameters to enforce Discretionary Access Control (DAC) on symlinks. prevents CWE-427

References