Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-39946

SQLi in Openbao ≤ 2.5.3

Published
21 April 2026
Modified
24 April 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 4.6
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0024 15th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-39946 is a medium-severity SQL Injection (CWE-89) vulnerability in Openbao Openbao. Its CVSS base score is 4.6 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 15th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

OpenBao is an open source identity-based secrets management system. Prior to version 2.5.3, when OpenBao revoked privileges on a role in the PostgreSQL database secrets engine, OpenBao failed to use proper database quoting on schema names provided by PostgreSQL. This…

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could lead to role revocation failures, or more rarely, SQL injection as the management user. This vulnerability was original from HashiCorp Vault. The vulnerability is addressed in v2.5.3. As a workaround, audit table schemas and ensure database users cannot create new schemas and grant privileges on them.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Why these techniques?

SQL injection in the PostgreSQL secrets engine of the secrets-management application directly enables exploitation of a public or exposed service (T1190).

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-0890Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-25168Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-5063Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-27289Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-33404Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-31547Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-34987Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-7853Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-6966Shared CWE-89
CVE-2024-30872Shared CWE-89

Affected Assets

openbao
openbao
≤ 2.5.3

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • AC-6 Least Privilege
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V6.2.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires validation/sanitization of untrusted inputs (schema names) before use in SQL statements, preventing the CWE-89 quoting failure.

prevent

Mandates prompt application of vendor patches (v2.5.3) that correct the improper quoting logic in the PostgreSQL secrets engine revocation path.

prevent

Enforces least-privilege database accounts so that even a successful SQL injection during role revocation cannot create schemas or grant excessive rights.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly target injection flaws during coding and review so largely prevent CWE-89 introduction, yet the single broad outcome leaves residual risk from incomplete neutralization techniques or missed edge cases.

PR.AT-02 partial match
prevents

Training raises developer awareness of SQLi risks and can reduce introduction likelihood (partial) but removes none of the actual coding flaw's risk by itself since technical neutralization is still required.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

The same secure-coding and static-analysis activities surface missing neutralization of SQL metacharacters before the system is accepted.

prevents

Early warnings and shared best-practice information help organizations apply the latest remediation techniques against SQL-injection vulnerabilities.

prevents

Threat-intelligence feeds that surface new SQL-injection campaigns enable rapid updates to query-construction defenses and detection signatures before exploitation occurs.

prevents

Secure-coding rules and security testing phases mandate the use of parameterized queries or equivalent escaping, preventing the construction of dynamic SQL statements from untrusted input.

prevents

Language-specific secure coding rules, peer review and SAST together prevent the construction of SQL statements from untrusted data without proper parameterization or escaping.

References