CWE · MITRE source
CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
Last updated: 04 July 2026 00:28 UTC
Cumulative inbound coverage
How completely the frameworks we cross-walk collectively cover this — the verdict is the strongest single mapping (overlapping partials are not summed); breadth shows the corroboration behind it.
Collective: full · 9 mapping(s) from 4 framework(s): CAPEC 5 (full) · CSF 2.0 2 (mostly) · OWASP-Web 1 (full) · ATT&CK 1 (partial)
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
This weakness contributes to A05:2025 Injection.
NIST 800-53 r5 controls that address this weakness (2)AI
| Control | Title | Family | Why it addresses this CWE |
|---|---|---|---|
CA-8 | Penetration Testing | CA | Penetration testing uses SQL injection payloads against database interfaces, identifying and supporting fixes for SQL injection weaknesses. |
SI-10 | Information Input Validation | SI | Validates query inputs to prevent SQL syntax or command manipulation. |
MITRE ATT&CK techniques this weakness enables
Our own two-way CWE↔ATT&CK cross-walk — a direct mapping with no public source (the CWE→CAPEC→ATT&CK chain leaves most top weaknesses, incl. XSS and SQLi, mapped to nothing). Drafted by Grok and spot-checked by Claude Opus 4.8.
Direction: ← other covers this;
→ this covers other (F/M/P = full / mostly /
partial).
Top CVEs of this weakness type, ranked by Risk Priority
| CVE | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CVE-2016-2386 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.7106 | 2016-02-16 |
CVE-2017-18362 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.8671 | 2019-02-05 |
CVE-2018-7841 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.7249 | 2019-05-22 |
CVE-2019-12989 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.9405 | 2019-07-16 |
CVE-2019-7481 KEV | 10.0 | 7.5 | 0.9991 | 2019-12-17 |
CVE-2020-5722 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.8393 | 2020-03-23 |
CVE-2020-12271 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.4306 | 2020-04-27 |
CVE-2020-17463 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.9004 | 2020-08-13 |
CVE-2020-29574 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.0473 | 2020-12-11 |
CVE-2021-20016 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.4004 | 2021-02-04 |
CVE-2021-20028 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.3008 | 2021-08-04 |
CVE-2021-42258 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.7327 | 2021-10-22 |
CVE-2021-44026 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.4275 | 2021-11-19 |
CVE-2023-34362 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.9993 | 2023-06-02 |
CVE-2023-46748 KEV | 10.0 | 8.8 | 0.0447 | 2023-10-26 |
CVE-2023-48788 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.9759 | 2024-03-12 |
CVE-2024-29824 KEV | 10.0 | 8.8 | 0.9995 | 2024-05-31 |
CVE-2024-6670 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.9466 | 2024-08-29 |
CVE-2024-9379 KEV | 10.0 | 6.5 | 0.4358 | 2024-10-08 |
CVE-2024-43468 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.6066 | 2024-10-08 |
CVE-2024-9465 KEV | 10.0 | 9.1 | 0.9960 | 2024-10-09 |
CVE-2025-25181 KEV | 10.0 | 5.8 | 0.5056 | 2025-02-03 |
CVE-2025-25257 KEV UPD | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.9671 | 2025-07-17 |
CVE-2025-57819 KEV UPD | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.9329 | 2025-08-28 |
CVE-2026-21643 KEV | 10.0 | 9.8 | 0.9408 | 2026-02-06 |