Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-43037

Memory Safety in Linux Kernel 2.6.22 – 5.10.253

Published
01 May 2026
Modified
12 August 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0056 44th percentile
Risk Priority 72 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-43037 is a critical-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Linux Linux Kernel. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 44th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-15 (Development Process, Standards, and Tools) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-43037 is a vulnerability in the Linux kernel's ip6_tunnel module, specifically within the ip4ip6_err() function. The issue arises when ip4ip6_err() calls icmp_send() on a cloned socket buffer (skb) whose control block (cb[]) has been populated by the IPv6 receive path as a struct inet6_skb_parm. The icmp_send() function then passes IPCB(skb2) to __ip_options_echo(), which misinterprets the cb[] region as a struct inet_skb_parm for IPv4 processing. Due to differing layouts—particularly inet6_skb_parm.nhoff at offset 14 overlapping inet_skb_parm.opt.rr—this results in a non-zero record route (rr) value, causing __ip_options_echo() to read an optlen from attacker-controlled packet data at sptr[rr+1] and copy that many bytes into a fixed 40-byte stack buffer (IP_OPTIONS_DATA_FIXED_SIZE), leading to a stack-based buffer overflow.

A remote, unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IPv6 packets that trigger the ip4ip6_err() path in IP-in-IP6 tunneling scenarios. The CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) reflects its high severity, with network accessibility, low attack complexity, and no privileges required. Successful exploitation enables high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability violations, potentially allowing arbitrary code execution, data corruption, or system crashes via the stack buffer overflow.

Kernel patches addressing this vulnerability, available in stable repositories, clear the skb2->cb[] area before processing and add minimal IPv4 header validation to ensure version 4 and IHL >= 5. Relevant commits include 1063515ce15ff31065c4e7f8265f4c2fd3c54876, 2cc6e3b0fe0f0242d1f530a93a4924f48ab85ba5, 2edfa31769a4add828a7e604b21cb82aaaa05925, 4a622658f384b03560834cbe8ffcfe69a278f7c8, and 590f622669b97eaf7b57a1de7b0a6e68c5d8b2c3. Security practitioners should update to kernels incorporating these fixes to mitigate exposure in environments using IP6 tunneling.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ip6_tunnel: clear skb2->cb[] in ip4ip6_err() Oskar Kjos reported the following problem. ip4ip6_err() calls icmp_send() on a cloned skb whose cb[] was written by the IPv6 receive path as struct inet6_skb_parm.…

more

icmp_send() passes IPCB(skb2) to __ip_options_echo(), which interprets that cb[] region as struct inet_skb_parm (IPv4). The layouts differ: inet6_skb_parm.nhoff at offset 14 overlaps inet_skb_parm.opt.rr, producing a non-zero rr value. __ip_options_echo() then reads optlen from attacker-controlled packet data at sptr[rr+1] and copies that many bytes into dopt->__data, a fixed 40-byte stack buffer (IP_OPTIONS_DATA_FIXED_SIZE). To fix this we clear skb2->cb[], as suggested by Oskar Kjos. Also add minimal IPv4 header validation (version == 4, ihl >= 5).

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

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Affected Assets

linux
linux kernel
7.0 · 2.6.22 — 5.10.253 · 5.11 — 5.15.203 · 5.16 — 6.1.168

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.5.2
  • V3.2.3
  • V15.3.5

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation (including fuzzing and bounds checks) finds out-of-bounds write flaws before deployment.

Requiring documented secure-development standards and tools can mandate bounds-checked coding practices that avoid the weakness.

Engineering principles can require use of type-safe languages, static typing, and runtime type checks that structurally avoid allocating one type and accessing another.

Input validation can structurally reject or sanitize data that would otherwise trigger an out-of-bounds write.

Memory-protection mechanisms limit the exploitability and blast radius of a successful out-of-bounds write.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices (static analysis, bounds checking, code review) are the primary means of preventing out-of-bounds writes.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover out-of-bounds write flaws so they can be remediated.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software directly eliminates known instances of this coding weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and prevent out-of-bounds write defects.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that prevent out-of-bounds writes.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory handling.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles reduce the likelihood of buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding directly addresses out-of-bounds writes through language choice and coding standards.

prevents

Change management can enforce review gates that catch unsafe memory operations before deployment.

References