Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-2378

RCE in Ui Er-X Firmware ≤ 2.0.9

Public PoCRCECommand Injection
Published
28 April 2023
Modified
09 July 2026
CVSS Score v4 7.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.076 94th percentile
Risk Priority 45 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-2378 is a high-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Ui Er-X Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.3 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A vulnerability rated critical exists in the web management interface of Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X firmware versions up to 2.0.9-hotfix.6. The issue, tracked as CVE-2023-2378 and assigned CWE-77, arises from improper handling of the suffix-rate-up argument, which permits command injection. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.3 with network attack vector, low complexity, and low privileges required.

An authenticated remote attacker can supply a crafted value to the affected parameter and execute arbitrary commands on the device. Public proof-of-concept code has been released, enabling straightforward exploitation against exposed management interfaces.

The EPSS score reached a peak of 0.1373 with no subsequent material increase. Available references consist of exploit repositories and vulnerability database entries but contain no official vendor advisory or patch guidance.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A flaw has been found in Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X up to 2.0.9-hotfix.6. This affects an unknown function of the component Web Management Interface. This manipulation of the argument suffix-rate-up causes command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit…

more

has been published and may be used. The real existence of this vulnerability is still doubted at the moment. The vendor position is that post-authentication issues are not accepted as vulnerabilities.

CWE(s)
CWE-74CWE-77

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1221 Template Injection Stealth
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts.
attack.mitre.org →
T1659 Content Injection Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic.
attack.mitre.org →
T1674 Input Injection Execution
Adversaries may simulate keystrokes on a victim’s computer by various means to perform any type of action on behalf of the user, such as launching the command interpreter using keyboard shortcuts, typing an inline script to be executed,…
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-2375Same product: Ui Er-X
CVE-2023-2374Same product: Ui Er-X
CVE-2023-2376Same product: Ui Er-X
CVE-2023-2377Same product: Ui Er-X
CVE-2023-2373Same product: Ui Er-X
CVE-2024-42025Same vendor: Ui
CVE-2023-1457Same vendor: Ui
CVE-2023-1456Same vendor: Ui
CVE-2010-5330Same vendor: Ui
CVE-2023-38034Same vendor: Ui

Affected Assets

ui
er-x firmware
2.0.9 · ≤ 2.0.9
ui
er-x-sfp firmware
2.0.9 · ≤ 2.0.9

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.1
  • V1.2.3
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation
addresses: CWE-74

Developer assessments and testing (including injection-focused techniques) identify improper neutralization of special elements, and the verifiable flaw remediation corrects them pre-deployment.

SI-4 System Monitoring
addresses: CWE-74

Identifies indicators of injection attacks (command, SQL, LDAP, etc.) via anomaly and attack monitoring.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require input validation and output encoding that prevent injection flaws.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of software and data can detect anomalous command execution resulting from injection.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Identifying recorded vulnerabilities enables remediation of command-injection flaws before exploitation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding standards require proper escaping and parameterization of commands, directly eliminating CWE-77.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development catches injection vulnerabilities before release.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging supports detection of injection attempts but does not prevent the weakness.

A.8.16 Monitoring activities partial match
finds

Monitoring activities can identify active injection attacks after they occur.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and output encoding that directly prevent injection flaws.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for controls against injection attacks in software design.

References