Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-25280

RCE in Dlink Dir-820L Firmware 1.05b03

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRCECommand Injection
Published
16 March 2023
Modified
03 November 2025
KEV Added
30 September 2024
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.98 99.9th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-25280 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Dlink Dir-820L Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 0.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-25280 is an OS command injection vulnerability, tracked under CWE-78, that affects the D-Link DIR-820L router running firmware version DIR820LA1_FW105B03. The flaw resides in the ping.ccp endpoint and is triggered by unsanitized input supplied to the ping_addr parameter, enabling an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary operating-system commands.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the issue over the network by sending a crafted HTTP request containing a malicious ping_addr value. Successful exploitation grants the attacker root-level privileges on the device, allowing full control over its configuration, traffic, and connected systems.

D-Link has published a security bulletin addressing the vulnerability, and the issue appears in CISA’s catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities. The associated EPSS score has remained at a peak of 0.9311 since disclosure, indicating sustained exploitation interest.

Public proof-of-concept code demonstrating command injection via the ping interface is available on GitHub, confirming that working exploits have been shared in the open.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR820LA1_FW105B03 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ping_addr parameter to ping.ccp.

CWE(s)
CWE-78
KEV Date Added
30 September 2024

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2022-26258Same product: Dlink Dir-820Lboth on KEV
CVE-2023-25279Same product: Dlink Dir-820L
CVE-2021-45382Same product: Dlink Dir-820Lboth on KEV
CVE-2019-17621Same vendor: Dlinkboth on KEV
CVE-2016-11021Same vendor: Dlinkboth on KEV
CVE-2019-20500Same vendor: Dlinkboth on KEV
CVE-2018-6530Same vendor: Dlinkboth on KEV
CVE-2019-16920Same vendor: Dlinkboth on KEV
CVE-2020-9377Same vendor: Dlinkboth on KEV
CVE-2019-16057Same vendor: Dlinkboth on KEV

Affected Assets

dlink
dir-820l firmware
1.05b03

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References