CVE-2023-39375

Policy addresses roles, responsibilities, and privilege management to prevent improper privilege assignments.

Access supervision ensures privileges are assigned and managed without improper escalation or retention.

Assigning group/role memberships and access authorizations (privileges) while reviewing accounts addresses improper privilege management.

Enforces proper privilege management by requiring all decisions through the verified reference monitor.

By mandating division of duties across roles, the control enforces proper privilege management and prevents a single entity from controlling an entire sensitive process.

Implements core proper privilege management by restricting to only required rights.

Policy requires training on privilege management and least privilege, making it harder to exploit improper privilege management weaknesses.

Training covers proper privilege management practices, making incorrect privilege assignments less likely.

Enforcing least-privilege access policies directly prevents improper handling of insufficient privileges.

A.5.15 only requires defining a topic-specific access control policy and determining requirements; it does not itself enforce authorizations or handle insufficient-privilege cases at runtime, so the weakness can still be exploited (per the owner's labeling rule: policy/dependency controls do not prevent unless other controls act on them).

Access-rights provisioning and review reduce privilege gaps, yet do not address the software’s failure to handle insufficient privileges gracefully.

Defining and communicating authorization levels for each role limits the assignment of excessive or unnecessary privileges.

Logging every use of privileges and protecting those records makes it harder for an attacker who has obtained elevated rights to operate without leaving evidence.