Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-41913

Memory Safety in Strongswan 5.3.0 – 5.9.12

Published
07 December 2023
Modified
18 December 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.023 82th percentile
Risk Priority 78 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-41913 is a critical-severity Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120) vulnerability in Strongswan Strongswan. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 18% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

strongSwan versions before 5.9.12 contain a buffer overflow vulnerability in the charon-tkm component's DH proxy, where an oversized DH public value can exceed the internal buffer. The flaw affects releases as early as 5.3.0 and is triggered by a specially crafted IKE_SA_INIT message during IKE negotiation. It is tracked under CWE-120 and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the issue over the network by sending a malicious IKE_SA_INIT message, potentially achieving remote code execution with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected system. No user interaction or credentials are required for successful exploitation.

The strongSwan project addressed the flaw in release 5.9.12, with corresponding updates published in Fedora and Debian LTS advisories. The current EPSS score of 0.0532, with a peak of 0.0574, indicates limited observed exploitation interest to date.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

strongSwan before 5.9.12 has a buffer overflow and possible unauthenticated remote code execution via a DH public value that exceeds the internal buffer in charon-tkm's DH proxy. The earliest affected version is 5.3.0. An attack can occur via a crafted…

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IKE_SA_INIT message.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-26463Same product: Strongswan Strongswan
CVE-2025-25900Shared CWE-120
CVE-2026-30006Shared CWE-120
CVE-2026-43807Shared CWE-120
CVE-2025-45058Shared CWE-120
CVE-2024-7157Shared CWE-120
CVE-2025-52863Shared CWE-120
CVE-2023-27061Shared CWE-120
CVE-2023-33082Shared CWE-120
CVE-2024-20454Shared CWE-120

Affected Assets

strongswan
strongswan
5.3.0 — 5.9.12

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.2.1

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-120

Platform-independent managed code eliminates the need for unchecked native buffer copies that are the root cause of classic buffer overflows.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly enforce bounds checking and input validation that prevent classic buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes such as code review or scanning detect classic buffer overflows before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing unchecked buffer copies with corrected versions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Secure coding directly requires bounds-checked memory operations, addressing the root cause of CWE-120.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect buffer overflows through fuzzing and static analysis, though it does not prevent them at the source.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates processes that can include input validation and bounds checking to prevent buffer overflows.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify input-size validation and safe buffer handling to mitigate classic buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles promote defensive coding patterns that reduce the likelihood of unchecked buffer copies.

References