Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-28233

High

Published: 27 March 2024

Published
27 March 2024
Modified
02 September 2025
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0011 29.0th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2024-28233 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability in Jupyter Jupyterhub. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 29.0th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could…

more

achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.

CWE(s)
CWE-79CWE-352CWE-565

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.007 JavaScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie Credential Access
An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1528 Steal Application Access Token Credential Access
Adversaries can steal application access tokens as a means of acquiring credentials to access remote systems and resources.
attack.mitre.org →
T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

XSS vulnerability enables exploitation of public-facing web application (T1190), client-side execution via JavaScript (T1203, T1059.007), stealing web session cookies via cookie tossing (T1539), stealing application API tokens (T1528), and collecting/exfiltrating files from victim's JupyterHub single-user server (T1005).

MITRE ATLAS TechniquesAI

MITRE ATLAS techniques

AML.T0024: Exfiltration via AI Inference APIAML.T0040: AI Model Inference API AccessAML.T0073: ImpersonationAML.T0074: MasqueradingAML.T0084: Discover AI Agent ConfigurationAML.T0085: Data from AI Services

Affected Assets

jupyter
jupyterhub
≤ 4.1.0

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

AT-2 Literacy Training and Awareness
addresses: CWE-352

Awareness training educates users on avoiding untrusted links and actions that can be exploited via CSRF.

CA-8 Penetration Testing
addresses: CWE-79

Penetration testing submits XSS payloads to web applications, detecting cross-site scripting flaws for subsequent remediation.

IA-11 Re-authentication
addresses: CWE-352

Requiring user re-entry of credentials for sensitive actions prevents automated forgery of requests without active user participation.

PM-14 Testing, Training, and Monitoring
addresses: CWE-352

Security testing regimens explicitly include checks for missing or ineffective anti-CSRF protections in web applications.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-79

Validates web inputs to reject script-related content that could produce XSS.

SI-15 Information Output Filtering
addresses: CWE-79

Output validation against expected content can reject or sanitize script content in generated web pages, reducing XSS exploitability.

SI-4 System Monitoring
addresses: CWE-352

Detects anomalous request patterns consistent with cross-site request forgery.

References