Cyber Resilience

CVE-2024-4778

Mozilla Firefox ≤ 126.0

Published
14 May 2024
Modified
04 April 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0044 36th percentile
Risk Priority 71 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2024-4778 is a critical-severity Improper Handling of Overlap Between Protected Memory Ranges (CWE-1260) vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Process Injection (T1055); ranked at the 36th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-39 (Process Isolation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 125. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 126.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1055 Process Injection Stealth
Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1548 Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control privilege elevation to gain higher-level permissions.
T1611 Escape to Host Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may break out of a container or virtualized environment to gain access to the underlying host.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-1937Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2023-3482Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-3847Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2024-0744Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2025-13012Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2024-9936Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2024-3865Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2025-13027Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2026-16412Same product: Mozilla Firefox
CVE-2025-14861Same product: Mozilla Firefox

Affected Assets

mozilla
firefox
≤ 126.0

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Process isolation depends on correct non-overlapping memory protection domains.

Memory protection mechanisms must correctly handle ranges to block unauthorized execution or access.

Access enforcement directly stops bypass of memory protections that overlapping ranges would enable.

Isolating security functions requires non-overlapping protected memory ranges to avoid bypass.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly prevent flawed memory-range overlap logic in kernels and hypervisors.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification can surface overlap defects after they are introduced but does not stop them at design time.

PR.AA-05 partial match
prevents

Enforcing access-control policy can include memory-range permissions, yet the weakness is an implementation flaw inside that enforcement.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect overlap issues but does not itself prevent them.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles require explicit memory-range separation and protection mechanisms that directly prevent overlapping protected regions.

prevents

Secure coding standards mandate checks for address-range overlap and proper memory-protection configuration, mitigating the weakness at implementation time.

mitigates

Information access restriction policies rely on correct memory protection; eliminating overlap strengthens enforcement but does not define the policy.

References