Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-10401

LowPublic PoC

Published: 14 September 2025

Published
14 September 2025
Modified
29 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 2.1 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0058 69.4th percentile
Risk Priority 5 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-10401 is a low-severity Injection (CWE-74) vulnerability in Dlink Dir-823X Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 2.1 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 30.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-10401 is a command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR-823x routers running firmware versions up to 250416. The flaw affects an unknown function in the /goform/diag_ping file, where attackers can manipulate the target_addr argument to inject commands. It is classified under CWE-74 and CWE-77, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).

Remote attackers with low privileges, such as authenticated users, can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no user interaction. Exploitation enables command injection, resulting in low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Advisories from VulDB detail the vulnerability and submission process, while a GitHub repository provides a public exploit for D-Link DIR-823X AX3000. The D-Link website offers general support resources, though specific patch details are not outlined in available references.

The exploit is publicly available and may be used, increasing the risk of real-world attacks on unpatched devices.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DIR-823x up to 250416. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /goform/diag_ping. Performing manipulation of the argument target_addr results in command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit…

more

is now public and may be used.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1059.008 Network Device CLI Execution
Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads.
T1202 Indirect Command Execution Stealth
Adversaries may abuse utilities that allow for command execution to bypass security restrictions that limit the use of command-line interpreters.
Why these techniques?

Command injection in web interface (/goform/diag_ping) of public-facing router enables exploitation of public-facing application (T1190), indirect command execution (T1202), and network device CLI command execution (T1059.008).

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-1125Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2025-10123Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2025-10634Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2025-55848Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2026-2082Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2025-29635Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2025-2717Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2026-2210Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2026-1544Same product: Dlink Dir-823X
CVE-2026-2157Same product: Dlink Dir-823X

Affected Assets

dlink
dir-823x firmware
≤ 250416

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires validation of the target_addr argument in /goform/diag_ping to block command injection payloads before execution.

prevent

Mandates timely application of vendor patches or firmware updates that eliminate the command-injection flaw in the diag_ping handler.

prevent

Requires disabling or removing the diag_ping diagnostic function entirely when it is not essential, eliminating the attack surface.

References