Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-11495

Memory Safety in Gnu Binutils 2.45

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
08 October 2025
Modified
12 May 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 1.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0022 13th percentile
Risk Priority 15 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-11495 is a low-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Gnu Binutils. Its CVSS base score is 1.9 (Low).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 13th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability was determined in GNU Binutils 2.45. The affected element is the function elf_x86_64_relocate_section of the file elf64-x86-64.c of the component Linker. This manipulation causes heap-based buffer overflow. The attack can only be executed locally. The exploit has been…

more

publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Patch name: 6b21c8b2ecfef5c95142cbc2c32f185cb1c26ab0. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Heap-based buffer overflow in GNU Binutils linker (elf_x86_64_relocate_section) enables local denial of service via application exploitation, crashing the linker process.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-1176Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11840Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11081Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11414Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11413Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11082Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-7545Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11083Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-5245Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-1180Same product: Gnu Binutils

Affected Assets

gnu
binutils
2.45

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SI-16 Memory Protection
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V17.3.2
  • V1.4.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires timely application of the vendor patch (6b21c8b2ecfef5c95142cbc2c32f185cb1c26ab0) that eliminates the heap buffer overflow in elf_x86_64_relocate_section.

prevent

Mandates validation of all inputs processed by the linker, blocking the malformed relocation data that triggers the CWE-119/CWE-122 overflow.

prevent

Requires memory-protection mechanisms (e.g., ASLR, guard pages, or hardened allocators) that limit exploitability of the heap-based overflow even if input validation fails.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 full match
prevents

Secure-development practices directly require bounds checking and safe memory handling that prevent heap overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and code analysis directly surface buffer-boundary flaws.

ID.RA-08 partial match
prevents

Receiving and triaging vulnerability disclosures commonly includes buffer-related reports.

PR.AT-02 partial match
prevents

Developer training on secure coding reduces introduction of memory-buffer errors.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching replaces vulnerable code containing buffer-boundary defects.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development catches out-of-bounds accesses before release, covering most instances of the weakness.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates memory-safety practices that directly prevent buffer-boundary violations.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-safety rules, but do not prescribe implementation details.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles include memory-safe design patterns that mitigate buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer operations, directly eliminating CWE-119.

none

Change management ensures controlled deployment of fixes for discovered heap-overflow vulnerabilities.

References