CVE-2025-12970

High

Published: 24 November 2025

Published

24 November 2025

Modified

28 November 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0019 40.3th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-12970 is a high-severity Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120) vulnerability in Treasuredata Fluent Bit. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Escape to Host (T1611); ranked at the 40.3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Escape to Host (T1611) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Requires timely remediation of flaws, such as patching Fluent Bit to version 4.1 or later, directly eliminating the buffer overflow vulnerability in the in_docker plugin.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Mandates validation of information inputs like container names to ensure length checks prevent stack buffer overflows during copying operations.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

prevent

Provides memory protections such as stack canaries or address space layout randomization that mitigate exploitation of stack-based buffer overflows even if input validation fails.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1611 Escape to Host Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may break out of a container or virtualized environment to gain access to the underlying host.

attack.mitre.org →

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Buffer overflow in Fluent Bit's in_docker plugin enables RCE or DoS when triggered by controlled container names, facilitating container escape to host (T1611) and exploitation for privilege escalation (T1068) from low-privileged container access.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

The extract_name function in Fluent Bit in_docker input plugin copies container names into a fixed size stack buffer without validating length. An attacker who can create containers or control container names, can supply a long name that overflows the buffer,…

leading to process crash or arbitrary code execution.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-12970 is a buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-120) in the extract_name function of the in_docker input plugin in Fluent Bit. The function copies container names into a fixed-size stack buffer without validating the input length, which can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow. This issue affects Fluent Bit deployments that utilize the in_docker plugin for monitoring Docker containers, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

An attacker with low privileges (PR:L) who can create containers or control container names can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. By supplying an excessively long container name, the attacker triggers the buffer overflow, potentially causing a denial-of-service via process crash or achieving arbitrary code execution with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Advisories from Fluent Bit and security researchers indicate that the vulnerability has been addressed in Fluent Bit version 4.1, with backports available for version 4.0. Security practitioners should update to these patched versions and review configurations using the in_docker plugin in cloud or containerized environments.