Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-13120

Memory Safety in Mruby ≤ 3.4.0

Published
13 November 2025
Modified
29 April 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 1.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0014 4th percentile
Risk Priority 15 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-13120 is a low-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Mruby Mruby. Its CVSS base score is 1.9 (Low).

Operationally, ranked at the 4th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability has been found in mruby up to 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function sort_cmp of the file src/array.c. Such manipulation leads to use after free. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to…

more

the public and may be used. The name of the patch is eb398971bfb43c38db3e04528b68ac9a7ce509bc. It is advisable to implement a patch to correct this issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-1979Same product: Mruby Mruby
CVE-2025-12875Same product: Mruby Mruby
CVE-2025-7207Same product: Mruby Mruby
CVE-2025-2913Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2026-10232Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-9020Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-9157Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2026-3847Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-15570Shared CWE-119, CWE-416
CVE-2025-15538Shared CWE-119, CWE-416

Affected Assets

mruby
mruby
≤ 3.4.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V17.3.2
  • V1.4.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Memory Protection directly mitigates the use-after-free in sort_cmp by enforcing bounds and preventing dangling references in mruby's array handling.

prevent

Flaw Remediation requires applying the vendor patch eb398971bfb43c38db3e04528b68ac9a7ce509bc that corrects the CWE-416 vulnerability in src/array.c.

prevent

Process Isolation limits the blast radius of a local use-after-free exploit in the mruby interpreter by separating its address space from other system processes.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (bounds checking, safe APIs, reviews) directly prevent this class of flaw.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and code analysis directly surface buffer-boundary flaws.

ID.RA-08 partial match
prevents

Receiving and triaging vulnerability disclosures commonly includes buffer-related reports.

PR.AT-02 partial match
prevents

Developer training on secure coding reduces introduction of memory-buffer errors.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching replaces vulnerable code containing buffer-boundary defects.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development catches out-of-bounds accesses before release, covering most instances of the weakness.

prevents

Secure development lifecycle mandates memory-safety practices that directly prevent buffer-boundary violations.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-safety rules, but do not prescribe implementation details.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles include memory-safe design patterns that mitigate buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer operations, directly eliminating CWE-119.

prevents

Change-management processes help ensure memory-safety fixes are deployed consistently.

References