Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-21345

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
01 July 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0114 78.8th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21345 is a high-severity Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability in Microsoft Office Long Term Servicing Channel. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked in the top 21.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-21345 is a remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft Office Visio, tracked under CWE-416 for use-after-free conditions. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 reflecting local attack vector, low complexity, no required privileges, and required user interaction, with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

An attacker can exploit the flaw by supplying a malicious Visio document that a victim opens locally; successful exploitation grants arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user without needing elevated rights.

Microsoft publishes mitigation and patch details for this issue in its Security Response Center advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21345. The associated EPSS score remains low, with a current value of 0.0114 and a peak of 0.0199.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Microsoft Office Visio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1204.002 Malicious File Execution
An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution.
Why these techniques?

This client-side RCE vulnerability in Microsoft Visio requires user interaction to open a malicious file (UI:R, AV:L) and directly enables arbitrary code execution, mapping to Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203) and User Execution via Malicious File (T1204.002).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21392Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2025-24080Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2025-26630Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2025-53740Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2026-20952Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2025-53731Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2025-24079Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2025-21366Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2026-40358Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps
CVE-2025-26629Same product: Microsoft 365 Apps

Affected Assets

microsoft
365 apps
all versions
microsoft
office
2019
microsoft
office long term servicing channel
2021, 2024

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly remediates the Use After Free vulnerability by requiring timely installation of Microsoft patches for affected Visio versions.

prevent

Implements memory safeguards such as DEP and ASLR to protect against code execution exploits stemming from the Visio Use After Free flaw.

preventdetect

Deploys malicious code protection to scan and block malicious Visio files that could trigger the remote code execution vulnerability.

References