Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21389

High

Published: 14 January 2025

Published
14 January 2025
Modified
13 February 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0239 85.1th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21389 is a high-severity Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1507. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked in the top 14.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-5 (Denial-of-service Protection) and SC-6 (Resource Availability).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Directly protects against or limits effects of denial-of-service events like the uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows UPnP Device Host.

prevent

Protects availability of system resources from exhaustion attacks exploiting the UPnP vulnerability via controlled allocation mechanisms.

prevent

Requires timely flaw remediation through patching the specific uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Windows UPnP Device Host as advised by Microsoft.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

The CVE describes an uncontrolled resource consumption (CWE-400) vulnerability in Windows UPnP Device Host enabling remote DoS via excessive resource usage with no auth or interaction required, directly mapping to T1499.004 Endpoint Denial of Service (Application or System Exploitation).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Device Host allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21389, published on 2025-01-14, is an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in the Windows Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Device Host. This flaw, associated with CWE-400, enables denial of service and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H), indicating high-impact availability disruption with no confidentiality or integrity effects.

An unauthorized attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely over a network with low complexity, requiring no privileges or user interaction. Successful exploitation leads to denial of service through excessive resource consumption on the targeted Windows system hosting the UPnP Device Host.

Microsoft's advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21389 provides guidance on patches and mitigation steps.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
windows 10 1507
≤ 10.0.10240.20890 · ≤ 10.0.10240.20890
microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.7699 · ≤ 10.0.14393.7699
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.6775 · ≤ 10.0.17763.6775
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.5371
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.5371
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.4751
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.4751
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.2894
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
+5 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21290Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21289Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21270Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21300Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21251Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21351Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-21230Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507
CVE-2025-21330Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-21207Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-21231Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1507

References