CVE-2025-22940

CriticalPublic PoC

Published: 31 March 2025

Published

31 March 2025

Modified

18 August 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

EPSS Score 0.0033 55.5th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-22940 is a critical-severity Improper Access Control (CWE-284) vulnerability in Adtran 411 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 44.5% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and IA-5 (Authenticator Management).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Directly remediates the specific firmware flaw enabling unauthorized admin password changes in Adtran 411 ONT L80.00.0011.M2.

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match

prevent

Enforces approved authorizations for logical access, preventing unauthorized attackers from arbitrarily setting the admin password.

IA-5 Authenticator Management good match

prevent

Manages and protects system authenticators such as passwords against unauthorized arbitrary modifications.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1098 Account Manipulation Persistence

Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain and/or elevate access to victim systems.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

The CVE describes an unauthenticated remote vulnerability allowing arbitrary admin password setting on a public-facing ONT device, enabling exploitation via T1190 for initial access and facilitating T1098 by permitting unauthorized account password changes.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

Incorrect access control in Adtran 411 ONT L80.00.0011.M2 allows unauthorized attackers to arbitrarily set the admin password.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-22940 is an incorrect access control vulnerability affecting the Adtran 411 ONT running firmware version L80.00.0011.M2. It enables unauthorized attackers to arbitrarily set the admin password, as documented under CWE-284. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N), indicating critical severity due to its network accessibility, low attack complexity, and lack of prerequisites.

Remote attackers require no privileges or user interaction to exploit this flaw over the network. Successful exploitation allows them to set the admin password, granting high-level confidentiality and integrity impacts, such as full administrative control over the device without affecting availability.

Mitigation details and advisories are referenced in the following sources: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1levaZk5aC6g6a2zPW8xlOIVAu9MFYvAz/view, https://lanrat.com/posts/adtran-isp-hacking/, and https://drive.google.com/file/d/1levaZk5aC6g6a2zPW8xlOIVAu9MFYvAz/view.