CVE-2025-22941

CriticalPublic PoCRCE

Published: 31 March 2025

Published

31 March 2025

Modified

18 August 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0382 88.2th percentile

Risk Priority 22 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-22941 is a critical-severity Command Injection (CWE-77) vulnerability in Adtran 411 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 11.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 2 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly prevents command injection by enforcing input validation mechanisms at the web interface entry points exploited in this CVE.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Addresses the specific flaw in Adtran firmware L80.00.0011.M2 through timely identification, reporting, and patching.

CM-7 Least Functionality partial match

prevent

Mitigates exposure by restricting the web management interface to least functionality, disabling unnecessary features vulnerable to unauthenticated command injection.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Command injection in unauthenticated public web interface enables remote exploitation (T1190), arbitrary Unix shell command execution (T1059.004), and privilege escalation to root (T1068).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

A command injection vulnerability in the web interface of Adtran 411 ONT L80.00.0011.M2 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root and execute arbitrary commands.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-22941 is a command injection vulnerability (CWE-77) present in the web interface of the Adtran 411 ONT running firmware version L80.00.0011.M2. Published on 2025-03-31T15:15:43.873, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), marking it as critical due to its high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Remote attackers with network access to the affected device can exploit this vulnerability without authentication privileges or user interaction. Successful exploitation enables privilege escalation to root and execution of arbitrary commands on the device.

Advisories and further details are available in the provided references, including https://drive.google.com/file/d/1levaZk5aC6g6a2zPW8xlOIVAu9MFYvAz/view and https://lanrat.com/posts/adtran-isp-hacking/.