Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-22946

Memory Safety in Tenda Ac9 Firmware 15.03.05.19

Public PoCMemory Safety
Published
10 January 2025
Modified
09 April 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0090 56th percentile
Risk Priority 77 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-22946 is a critical-severity Classic Buffer Overflow (CWE-120) vulnerability in Tenda Ac9 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 44% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Tenda AC9 v1.0 running firmware version 15.03.05.19 contains a stack-based buffer overflow in the /goform/SetOnlineDevName endpoint, tracked as CVE-2025-22946. The flaw, classified under CWE-120, arises from unsafe handling of device name input and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8, reflecting network-accessible exploitation without authentication or user interaction.

An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to the affected endpoint and trigger the overflow to execute arbitrary code on the device. Successful exploitation grants full control over the router, enabling actions such as traffic interception, persistence, or lateral movement within the local network.

The single public reference details the vulnerability through static analysis of the formSetDeviceName sprintf call but provides no vendor advisory, patch information, or mitigation guidance. The associated EPSS score remains low, with a current value of 0.0326 and a peak of 0.0460, indicating limited observed exploitation interest to date.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Tenda ac9 v1.0 firmware v15.03.05.19 contains a stack overflow vulnerability in /goform/SetOnlineDevName, which may lead to remote arbitrary code execution.

CWE(s)
CWE-120

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-5839Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2024-25748Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2024-25751Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2025-45428Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2024-25746Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2024-25756Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2025-45427Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2024-25753Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2025-57638Same product: Tenda Ac9
CVE-2025-45429Same product: Tenda Ac9

Affected Assets

tenda
ac9 firmware
15.03.05.19

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.2.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation good match

Developer testing and analysis can find missing size checks before deployment.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly enforces size checks before buffer copies.

SA-8 Security and Privacy Engineering Principles partial match

Engineering principles require bounds checking and safe buffer handling in design.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

Memory protection limits the impact of an overflow once it occurs.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly enforce bounds checking and input validation that prevent classic buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes such as code review or scanning detect classic buffer overflows before exploitation.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing unchecked buffer copies with corrected versions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.28 Secure coding mostly match
prevents

Secure coding directly requires bounds-checked memory operations, addressing the root cause of CWE-120.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect buffer overflows through fuzzing and static analysis, though it does not prevent them at the source.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates processes that can include input validation and bounds checking to prevent buffer overflows.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements can specify input-size validation and safe buffer handling to mitigate classic buffer overflows.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles promote defensive coding patterns that reduce the likelihood of unchecked buffer copies.

References