Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-23023

Discourse ≤ 3.3.2

Published
04 February 2025
Modified
26 August 2025
CVSS Score v3.1 8.2
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0025 17th percentile
Risk Priority 60 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23023 is a high-severity Origin Validation Error (CWE-346) vulnerability in Discourse Discourse. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique DHCP Spoofing (T1557.003); ranked at the 17th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) and IA-3 (Device Identification and Authentication) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-23023 is a cache poisoning vulnerability in Discourse, an open source platform for community discussion. In affected versions, an attacker can craft a request with specific headers to poison the anonymous cache, potentially resulting in cached responses lacking preloaded data. This flaw specifically impacts anonymous visitors to the site and is classified under CWE-346, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L), indicating high severity due to network accessibility, low attack complexity, and significant integrity impact.

Unauthenticated attackers (PR:N) can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network without user interaction by sending a maliciously crafted request that manipulates cache headers. Successful exploitation poisons the anonymous cache, leading to integrity violations such as serving incomplete or altered responses to subsequent anonymous users, though it causes only low availability impact and no confidentiality loss.

The Discourse security advisory recommends upgrading to the latest patched version to mitigate the issue. For users unable to upgrade immediately, disabling the anonymous cache by setting the `DISCOURSE_DISABLE_ANON_CACHE` environment variable to a non-empty value serves as a workaround. Additional details are available in the GitHub Security Advisory at https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/advisories/GHSA-5h4h-2f46-r3c7.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Discourse is an open source platform for community discussion. In affected versions an attacker can carefully craft a request with the right request headers to poison the anonymous cache (for example, the cache may have a response with missing preloaded…

more

data). This issue only affects anonymous visitors of the site. This problem has been patched in the latest version of Discourse. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may disable anonymous cache by setting the `DISCOURSE_DISABLE_ANON_CACHE` environment variable to a non-empty value.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1557.003 DHCP Spoofing Credential Access
Adversaries may redirect network traffic to adversary-owned systems by spoofing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) traffic and acting as a malicious DHCP server on the victim network.
T1557 Adversary-in-the-Middle Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
T1557.001 Name Resolution Poisoning and SMB Relay Credential Access
By responding to LLMNR/NBT-NS/mDNS network traffic, adversaries may spoof an authoritative source for name resolution to force communication with an adversary controlled system.
T1557.002 ARP Cache Poisoning Credential Access
Adversaries may poison Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) caches to position themselves between the communication of two or more networked devices.
T1557.004 Evil Twin Credential Access
Adversaries may host seemingly genuine Wi-Fi access points to deceive users into connecting to malicious networks as a way of supporting follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-55948Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2024-45051Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2026-26077Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2023-47121Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2025-22601Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2025-68662Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2026-26078Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2026-33185Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2023-28112Same product: Discourse Discourse
CVE-2024-37157Same product: Discourse Discourse

Affected Assets

discourse
discourse
≤ 3.3.2

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Information flow enforcement directly requires validating the source of data before allowing transmission or receipt.

Device identification and authentication mandates verifying the source before establishing connections.

Session authenticity mechanisms require validation that communications originate from the expected party.

Boundary protection at interfaces enforces checks on the origin of incoming communications.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-03 mostly match
prevents

Authentication directly verifies the source of users/services/hardware, mitigating origin validation failures.

PR.AA-04 mostly match
prevents

Verifying identity assertions enforces origin validation for conveyed claims.

ID.AM-03 partial match
prevents

Documenting authorized flows supports origin validation by defining expected sources.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Protecting networks from unauthorized access requires origin checks on communication sources.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

mitigates

Network security controls enforce origin validation at network boundaries.

mitigates

Security of network services includes validating the authenticity of service endpoints.

mitigates

Network segregation reduces exposure but does not directly validate origins.

prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for origin validation of inputs and communications.

prevents

Secure architecture principles encourage origin checks but do not mandate them.

prevents

Secure coding practices include implementing proper origin validation to prevent spoofing.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (3 rules)
  • V-248574 YUM must be configured to prevent the installation of patches, service packs, device drivers, or OL 8 system components that have not been digitally signed using a certificate that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-346
  • V-248575 OL 8 must prevent the installation of software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components of local packages without verification they have been digitally signed using a certificate that is issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that is recognized and approved by the organization. prevents CWE-346
  • V-248827 OL 8 must not have the rsh-server package installed. prevents CWE-346

References