Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-23489

High

Published: 21 January 2025

Published
21 January 2025
Modified
23 April 2026
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 7.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
EPSS Score 0.0018 38.9th percentile
Risk Priority 14 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-23489 is a high-severity Cross-site Scripting (CWE-79) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Drive-by Compromise (T1189); ranked at the 38.9th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-15 (Information Output Filtering) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Drive-by Compromise (T1189) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

SI-2 requires identification, reporting, and correction of system flaws, directly addressing this reflected XSS vulnerability through timely patching of the WP-Announcements plugin.

prevent

SI-15 mandates filtering of information outputs to neutralize user-supplied input during web page generation, comprehensively preventing reflected XSS payload execution.

prevent

SI-10 enforces validation of information inputs to reject or sanitize malicious payloads that could be reflected as XSS in web pages.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1189 Drive-by Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing.
T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie Credential Access
An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials.
Why these techniques?

The reflected XSS vulnerability directly enables injection of malicious scripts into web pages, facilitating drive-by compromise (T1189) via crafted URLs and allowing theft of web session cookies (T1539) to hijack user sessions on the affected WordPress site.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Brian Messenlehner WP-Announcements wp-announcements allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects WP-Announcements: from n/a through <= 1.8.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-23489 is an Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability, classified as CWE-79, that enables Reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) in the WP-Announcements WordPress plugin developed by Brian Messenlehner. This issue affects all versions of the plugin from n/a through 1.8 inclusive, as published on 2025-01-21.

The vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers requiring no privileges over the network with low attack complexity, though user interaction is necessary. Exploitation changes the scope and results in low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, yielding a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L). Attackers can leverage reflected XSS to inject malicious payloads via user-supplied input reflected in web pages.

Patchstack has documented this reflected XSS vulnerability specific to WP-Announcements plugin version 1.8 in their WordPress plugin database.

Details

CWE(s)

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References