CVE-2025-25066

High

Published: 03 February 2025

Published

03 February 2025

Modified

02 October 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0006 18.5th percentile

Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-25066 is a high-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Ntop Ndpi. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 18.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 RA-5 (Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Directly mandates timely remediation by patching the stack-based buffer overflow in nDPI's ndpi_address_cache_restore function.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

prevent

Provides memory protections like stack canaries that detect and block exploitation of the stack buffer overflow even if unpatched.

RA-5 Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning good match

detect

Requires vulnerability scanning to identify deployments of vulnerable nDPI versions affected by CVE-2025-25066.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Local stack-based buffer overflow enabling arbitrary code execution with no privileges required directly maps to exploitation for privilege escalation.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

nDPI through 4.12 has a potential stack-based buffer overflow in ndpi_address_cache_restore in lib/ndpi_cache.c.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-25066, published on 2025-02-03, is a potential stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-121) in the ndpi_address_cache_restore function located in lib/ndpi_cache.c of nDPI through version 4.12. This flaw carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability with a changed scope.

The vulnerability can be exploited by a local attacker requiring no privileges (PR:N), though it demands high attack complexity (AC:H) and no user interaction (UI:N). With local access vector (AV:L), a successful exploit could grant the attacker high-level control, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution, data corruption, or system crashes, while the changed scope (S:C) allows impacts beyond the vulnerable component.

Mitigation is addressed in a patch via the GitHub commit at https://github.com/ntop/nDPI/commit/678697b5eb6c3caa5dd5f8cccfe9eed8d13b94bb. Security practitioners should apply this fix by updating nDPI to a patched version to prevent exploitation.