Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-25944

Axiosys Bento4 1.6.0-641

Public PoC
Published
19 February 2025
Modified
13 May 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0024 15th percentile
Risk Priority 53 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-25944 is a high-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Axiosys Bento4. Its CVSS base score is 7.3 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked at the 15th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2025-25944 is a buffer overflow vulnerability in Bento4 version 1.6.0-641, affecting the Ap4RtpAtom.cpp source file, specifically within the AP4_RtpAtom constructor. The issue arises when processing a crafted MP4 input file using the mp4fragment tool, leading to potential memory corruption. It is classified under CWE-94 (Code Injection) with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.3 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating high impact but requiring local access and user interaction.

A local attacker with low privileges can exploit this vulnerability by supplying a maliciously crafted MP4 file and tricking a user into executing the mp4fragment tool on it. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary code execution in the context of the affected process, potentially granting the attacker high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, such as data theft, modification, or denial of service.

The primary reference, a GitHub issue at https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/issues/993, documents the vulnerability in the Bento4 repository, where further technical details and potential patches or workarounds may be discussed by the maintainers. Security practitioners should monitor this issue for official fixes and avoid processing untrusted MP4 files with affected Bento4 versions.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Bento4 v.1.6.0-641 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Ap4RtpAtom.cpp, specifically in AP4_RtpAtom::AP4_RtpAtom, during the execution of mp4fragment with a crafted MP4 input file.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.002 AppleScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.005 Visual Basic Execution
Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution.
T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-31004Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2024-31005Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2025-25943Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2024-31003Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2024-30807Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2024-30808Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2024-30809Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2024-30806Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2023-29576Same product: Axiosys Bento4
CVE-2023-38666Same product: Axiosys Bento4

Affected Assets

axiosys
bento4
1.6.0-641

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Developer testing and evaluation finds code paths that accept and execute externally influenced strings.

Input validation directly stops untrusted data from being used to construct executable code without neutralization.

Least privilege limits the damage an injected code fragment can perform once executed.

Requiring documented secure development standards and tools enforces use of safe code-generation APIs and escaping.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly target injection flaws via secure coding and testing (mostly), yet as a single broad outcome it leaves many code-generation specifics unaddressed (partial).

PR.DS-10 none match
prevents

PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Banning unapproved code samples and unauthenticated web services, combined with secure-coding standards and SAST, prevents the dynamic generation or inclusion of attacker-supplied code.

none

Controls that restrict unauthorized or malicious code from being introduced via external networks or removable media limit opportunities for an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code.

References